Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Its Association With Anti-thyroperoxidase Antibody and the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Dash, Prakruti; Tiwari, Rajlaxmi; Nayak, Saurav; Jena, Saubhagya Kumar; Mangaraj, Manaswini

doi:10.7759/cureus.21087

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…26 We documented a comparatively higher number of hypothyroid patients, i.e., 17%, where subclinical hypothyroidism was 11% in comparison to hyperthyroidism (2%). Both of which are correlated with the studies of Mandal et al and Dash et al 27,28 In our study, thyroid function was analyzed on the basis of TSH and FT4. High FT4 acts as a preventative factor since high TSH raises the likelihood of hypothyroidism.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women during the first trimester and its correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chattagram region, Bangladesh

Sharmen

Sadaf

Jabin

et al. 2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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Background: The present study was aimed at investigating the prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnant women in their first trimester in Chattagram, an iodine-sufficient area in Bangladesh. We also studied whether hypothyroidism in pregnancy has any correlation with high titres of anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies and the occurrence of gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: Our study included 100 pregnant women at their first antenatal checkup based on certain preselected criteria in two tertiary care hospitals in Chattogram. The levels of serum TSH, FT4, and anti-TPO were estimated to detect thyroid function from the collected blood sample. The oral glucose tolerance test was carried out between 24 and 28 weeks of gestational age. A standard predesigned proforma was used to record a detailed patient history and the findings of general physical examinations.Results: According to our results, thyroid disorder and GDM affect 19% and 13% of total pregnancies, respectively. Among TD patients, subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) prevails the most (11%). The majority of the hypothyroid patients with a high titre of anti-TPO positivity (11%) indicate an autoimmune etiology (p<0.001). Furthermore, a statistically significant relationship (p<0.01) was established between hypothyroidism and GDM. No demographic data was observed to affect GDM and hypothyroidism.Conclusion: Thyroid disorders affect one in every six pregnant women in the southern part of Bangladesh. Moreover, hypothyroid pregnant women were found to be highly susceptible to GDM. Euthyroid women with a high titre of anti-TPO during their gestation should be closely monitored for the development of hypothyroidism and GDM.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women during the first trimester and its correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chattagram region, Bangladesh

Sharmen

Sadaf

Jabin

et al. 2022

Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol

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“…Previous studies have reported an association between subclinical hypothyroidism and adverse pregnancy outcomes [ 6 ]. The identification and appropriate management of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy are crucial for optimizing maternal and fetal health [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism Among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Chart Review

Islam¹,

Niazi²

2023

Cureus

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Background Subclinical hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder during pregnancy, associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant women who presented to our hospital between 2020 and 2022. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on 589 pregnant women using convenience sampling. Only women who underwent thyroid function testing and had no known thyroid disease were included. Data on age, weight status, history of miscarriage, history of infertility, menstrual cycle regularity, thyroid function, and symptoms of thyroid diseases were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Results The mean age of the participants was 24.8 ± 3.7 years. Among the participants, 270 (45.9%) had a normal weight, 199 (33.8%) were overweight, and 120 (20.4%) were obese. A history of miscarriage was reported by 69 women (11.7%) while 37 women (6.3%) had a history of infertility. The menstrual cycle was regular in 499 women (84.7%) and irregular in 90 women (15.3%). The results showed that 517 (87.7%) women were euthyroid, 47 (7.9%) had hypothyroidism, and 25 (4.2%) had hyperthyroidism. Of the 47 patients with hypothyroidism, 32 (68.08%) had subclinical hypothyroidism and 15 (31.91%) had overt hypothyroidism. Conclusion This study highlights the frequency of subclinical hypothyroidism among pregnant women. The findings underscore the importance of thyroid function testing during pregnancy.

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“…Maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy may develop low intelligence quotient score, cognitive delay and impairment in psychomotor development in babies [6]. Hypothyroidism may not be detected as many patients are asymptomatic [7]. It may be overt or subclinical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

2023

Womens Health Care Issues

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Background: Hypothyroidism has a great impact on pregnancy. But there is a controversy about the maternal and perinatal outcomes of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH). This study was placed to know the significant effects. Methods and Materials: A descriptive longitudinal study was held in Z. H. Sikder Women’s Medical College & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 400 pregnant women were included in this study with purposive sampling. All antenatal patients from booking visit at 1st trimester to delivery were monitored by serum TSH and serum FT4 levels in each trimester and fetal outcomes were also monitored. 200 pregnant women were diagnosed as subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) with random screening of initial thyroid function tests. Another 200 pregnant women were euthyroid. The study period was 3 years, from January 2020 to December 2022. To evaluate the thyroid status, maternal serum samples were collected in each trimester, total three times. Maternal outcomes, which we studied, were gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal anemia, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, placental abruption, preterm delivery, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), caesarean deliveries; perinatal outcomes were low birth weight (LBW), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), low Apgar score, stillbirth, congenital anomaly and NICU admission. Result: This study includes 400 pregnant women, among which 200 were euthyroid and 200 were with SCH. The mean age was 27.12 ± 0.05 years in pregnancy with euthyroid group and 26.31 ± 0.25 in pregnancy with SCH group. Among the pregnancy with euthyroid group, 141 women were nullipara and 59 women were nullipara. Among the pregnancy with SCH group, 87 women were nullipara and 113 women were nullipara. Serum TSH level was 4.44 ± 0.11 in 1st trimester, 4.74 ± 0.19 in 2nd trimester, 5.45 ± 0.17 in 3rd trimester. Serum free T4 level was 8.29 ± 0.13 in 1st trimester, 6.65 ± 0.15 in 2nd trimester, 6.67 ± 0.34 in 3rd trimester. In pregnancy with SCH group gestational hypertension, miscarriage, placental abruption and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) were significantly higher (p<0.001). Antepartum hemorrhage (APH), preterm delivery and Caesarian deliveries were also higher in this group (p<0.05). Among the neonatal outcomes, low birth weight and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) babies were more born in pregnancy with SCH group. Anti TPO antibody titer was significantly higher in pregnant women with SCH. Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) is associated with increased risk of gestational hypertension, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), abruptio placentae and fetuses have more risk of IUGR and LBW. Therefore, routine maternal thyroid function test should be done to protect from adverse maternal and fetal outcome.

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Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism in Pregnancy and Its Association With Anti-thyroperoxidase Antibody and the Occurrence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Cited by 6 publications

References 53 publications

Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women during the first trimester and its correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chattagram region, Bangladesh

Increased occurrence of hypothyroidism among pregnant women during the first trimester and its correlation with anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) and gestational diabetes mellitus in Chattagram region, Bangladesh

Frequency of Subclinical Hypothyroidism Among Pregnant Women: A Retrospective Chart Review

Study of Feto-Maternal Outcome in Pregnancy with Subclinical Hypothyroidism

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