Prevalence of subtypes of multiple sclerosis and the most common clinical symptoms in Iranian patients: A meta‐analysis

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease defined by damage to the myelin sheaths of neurons. MS is classified into different subtypes including relapsing–remitting MS, secondary progressive MS and primary progressive MS. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different forms and clinical symptoms of MS among Iranian people using meta‐analysis. We searched all available databanks, such as SID, Magiran, PubMed, Google scholar, Scopus and Science, directly to identify relevant evidence. All findings were reviewed and eligible articles were selected. The standard error of prevalence was calculated based on binomial distribution formula. The heterogeneity between the results of primary studies was detected using Cochrane (Q) and I2 indices. The primary results were combined according to a random effects model. The effect of related factors in heterogeneity was investigated using a meta‐regression model. During the primary search, 17 352 articles were identified. After limiting the search strategy, and excluding duplicates and irrelevant papers, finally, 21 primary studies were entered into the final meta‐analysis. The total prevalences of relapsing–remitting MS, primary progressive MS and secondary progressive MS types among Iranian people were estimated to be 69.7% (95% CI 63.7–75.8), 7.01% (95% CI 4.05–9.96) and 17.8% (95% CI 11.7–23.9) respectively. In addition, prevalences of fatigue and motor dysfunction were estimated to be 71.1% (95% CI 60.9–81.3) and 56.3% (95% CI 27.9–84.6), respectively. Our meta‐analysis showed that relapsing–remitting MS is the most common type of MS, and fatigue is the most common clinical manifestation in patients. Motor dysfunction and balance disorder are the other common problems in patients.

The efficacy and safety of ginger supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A rationale and study protocol for a double‐blind randomized controlled trial

“…The prevalence of MS in Iran has been estimated at about 30 cases per 100,000 people 28 . It has been reported that approximately 70% of Iranian MS patients suffer from the relapsing‐remitting type 29 …”

“…28 It has been reported that approximately 70% of Iranian MS patients suffer from the relapsingremitting type. 29…”

Nanozymes for Neurodegenerative Diseases

“…Unlike aforementioned neurodegenerative diseases, MS happens usually in the age group of 20-50 and can affect children too [41]. MS is of four types -1) Relapsing-Remitting MS which is distinguished by the occurrence of acute deterioration in function followed by partial or total recovery [42,43]. 2) Severely deteriorated patients enter into Second Progressive MS stage which can be distinguished with the features as tiredness, rigidity, weakness, intestinal disorder, urinary disorder and psychological damage [44,45].…”

Vitamin D status and disability among patients with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifactorial, autoimmune and inflammatory disorder in the CNS characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration which is one of the main causes of disability among young adults [1] – [3] . Clinical manifestations of MS include paresthesia, diplopia, visual impairment, fatigue, emotional instability and hypoesthesia [4] , [5] . In developed cases, sever paresthesia affects upper and lower limbs [5] .…”