Prevalence of susceptibility patterns of opportunistic bacteria in line with CLSI or EUCAST among Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolated from respiratory microbiota

Abstract

The application of CLSI and EUCAST guidelines led to many discrepancies. Various doubts have already appeared in preliminary stages of microbiological diagnostics of Haemophilus spp. A total of 87 H. parainfluenzae isolates were obtained from throat or nasopharyngeal swabs from adults 18 to 70 years old, both healthy volunteers and patients with chronic diseases between 2013 to 2015 in eastern Poland. Haemophilus spp. were identified by colony morphology, Gram-staining, API NH and MALDI-TOF MS technique. Both susceptibility to various antimicrobials and phenotypes of Haemophilus spp. resistance to beta-lactams were determined. Statistically significant association between applied guidelines and drug resistance patterns were observed to as follows: ampicillin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, amoxicillin-clavulanate, azithromycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance phenotypes according to CLSI vs. EUCAST were as follows: 3.4% vs. 8.0% for BLNAR and 6.9% vs. 19.5% for BLPACR isolates. In conclusion, this is the first study that reports comparative analysis of drug susceptibility interpretation using CLSI and EUCAST of haemophili rods from human respiratory microbiota in Poland. In case of susceptible, increased exposure (formerly intermediate) category of susceptibility within H. parainfluenzae isolates we have observed EUCAST as more restrictive than CLSI. Moreover, BLNAI and BLPAI phenotype isolates have been observed, as well as BLPBR using only CLSI or EUCAST guidelines, respectively.

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Haemophilus influenzae in Guiyang, Guizhou, China

“…The application of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines also led to many discrepancies. At present, it remains difficult to establish a “gold standard” method for detecting ampicillin resistance and a consensus definition of β-lactam resistance in H. influenzae ( 22 ). This increase in resistance emphasizes the need for careful selection of empirical medication.…”

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Producing ESBL among Male and Female Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in Riyadh Region, Saudi Arabia

“…Depending on the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) recommendations version 6.0, all detected E. coli isolates were investigated in vitro for antimicrobial sensitivity through the agar disc diffusion technique (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, Santa Maria, CA, USA) [ 45 ]. The following antibiotics were tested in our research: ampicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20/10 μg), cephalothin (30 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (36 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), ertapenem (10 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), tigecycline (15 μg), nitrofurantoin (300 μg), colistin (10 μg), and aztreonam (30 μg).…”

“…The following antibiotics were tested in our research: ampicillin (10 μg), amoxicillin-clavulanate (20/10 μg), cephalothin (30 μg), cefuroxime (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), cefepime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), ceftriaxone (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), amikacin (30 μg), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), piperacillin-tazobactam (36 μg), imipenem (10 μg), meropenem (10 μg), ertapenem (10 μg), levofloxacin (5 μg), tigecycline (15 μg), nitrofurantoin (300 μg), colistin (10 μg), and aztreonam (30 μg). The experimental analysis (S/I/R) of the findings takes into account the CLSI’s suggested diameters or breakpoints [ 45 ]. If an isolate proved resistant to three different antibiotic groups, it was classified as multidrug resistant.…”

Decline in ESBL Production and Carbapenem Resistance in Urinary Tract Infections among Key Bacterial Species during the COVID-19 Pandemic

“…The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of isolated E. coli , P. aeruginosa , and K. pneumoniae strains was conducted following the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines, version 6.0. All identified bacterial isolates were subjected to in vitro investigation of their antimicrobial sensitivity using the agar disc diffusion technique (Hardy Diagnostics, Santa Maria, CA, USA) [ 31 ]. The isolates were categorized as susceptible (S), intermediate (I), or resistant (R) to the tested antibiotics, and multidrug-resistant classification was applied as necessary.…”