Prevalence of systemic disorders in cats with oral lesions

Abstract

Oral disorders of small animals constitute a problem for veterinarians. Chronic oral infections are commonly seen in domestic cats. The objectives of this study were to characterise feline oral lesions, common feline dental problems, and especially the association of oral disease and systemic disease in cats. Two hundred and twenty cats referred over a period of 33 months to the Internal Medicine Department of our University with signs of oral disorders were included in this prospective study and were examined for the occurrence of the most commonly seen diseases. Infectious diseases which frequently cause ulcers and/or erosions within the mouth and on the tongue, constituted a significant proportion of the cases identified in this study. Feline Coronavirus (FCoV) infection was diagnosed in 36 cats (16%), Feline Calicivirus (FCV) in 17 cats (8%) and 16 cats (7%) had three viral infections (FCoV + Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV) + Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV)) at the same time. We conclude that oral disorders may be a sign of underlying systemic diseases in cats, especially in those diagnosed with feline viral infections. Other diagnosed diseases included immune-mediated disorders, eosinophilic granuloma complex, gastrointestinal system disorders, nutritional disorders, diabetes mellitus, hepatic disorders and chronic renal failure. Therefore, the first step in preventing oral disease in animals must be routine physical examination which includes a comprehensive oral exam.

A Case Series Analysis of Dental Extractions’ Outcome in Cats with Chronic Gingivostomatitis Carrying Retroviral Disease

“…Histopathological results show a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, indicative of the chronic inflammatory process. Polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is also a consistent finding [ 1 , 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

“…Feline chronic gingivostomatitis (FCGS) is a painful oral inflammatory disease, which can lead to severe malnutrition and dehydration in critical cases [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Reported prevalence in 4858 cats, during a 12-week period, was 0.7%, in North West England first opinion practices [ 5 ].…”

“…Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) are two important infectious agents in cats and are known to cause immune and inflammatory disfunction and/or immunosuppression with increased risk of opportunistic infections [ 35 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Their association with FCGS is still not completely elucidated, but both viruses may act as aggravating factors [ 1 , 2 , 14 , 42 , 45 ].…”

Fratura Apical De Sesamóide Proximal Em Equino: Relatos De Caso

“…Alguns autores acreditam que possam estar associados com outras doenças secundárias, como as infecções causadas pelo vírus da imunodeficiência dos felinos (FIV), vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e calicivírus (FCV), bactérias, doenças imunomediadas, genética, nutrição, ambiente e a domesticação, fatores capazes de desempenhar um papel na etiologia da doença (Albino et al, 2009;Healey et al, 2007;Quimby et al, 2008;Sousa Filho et al, 2017). Os agentes virais encontrados em maior prevalência em gatos que apresentavam lesões orais foram FIV, FeLV e FCV (Quimby et al, 2008;Dokuzeylul et al, 2016).…”

Coronaviruses and gastrointestinal diseases

“…Later, hydrothorax and ascites will appear, mesenteric lymph nodes will be enlarged, and multiple organs in the body will be involved [16]. It is worth mentioning that some cats present oral lesions, such as gingivitis and mucosal ulcers, and halitosis as the most obvious symptoms, which might be strong evidence for the existence of virus infection [17]. The recommended treatment includes antiviral agents, secondary infection prevention, osmotic pressure increase, and fluid infusion.…”