Prevalence of teeth with untreated dental trauma among nursery and primary school pupils in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Kahabuka, Febronia Kokulengya; Plasschaert, A.J.M.; Hof, Martin van‘t

doi:10.1034/j.1600-9657.2001.017003109.x

Cited by 47 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The majority of 12-to 14-year olds (63.7%) had untreated enamel fractures, a finding reported by other studies (2,(7)(8)(9). The prevalence of dental trauma to incisors was 11.4% in 2422 children who were screened for clinical evidence of dental injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Etiology and environment of dental injuries in 12‐ to 14‐year‐old Ontario schoolchildren

Fakhruddin

Lawrence

Kenny

et al. 2008

Dental Traumatology

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This study reports on the etiology and environment where dental injuries occurred and assesses the relationship between dental trauma, socio-economic status and dental caries experience. A population-based, matched case-comparison study was undertaken in 30 schools in two Ontario communities. Dental hygienists calibrated in the use of the Dental Trauma Index (DTI) screened 2422 children aged 12 and 14 years using DTI and Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth indices. Cases (n = 135) were children with evidence of dental injury. Controls (n = 135) were children randomly selected after screening and matched with cases according to age and gender. Questionnaires were mailed to parents and children. Prevalence of dental injury was 11.4%, mostly minor injuries 63.7% (enamel fracture not involving dentin), affecting one upper central incisor (70.4%). The mean age at the time of dental injuries was 9.5 years (SD = 1.49; range: 6-13 years). Dental trauma most often occurred among boys at school because of falls or while playing sports. The relationship between dental injuries and the socio-economic indicators chosen was not statistically significant. However, a statistically significant direct relationship (P < 0.001) was shown between increased caries experience and dental injuries. This should focus attention on possible common-risk factors such as health-related behavioral problems that may affect both dental disease and dental injuries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Etiology and environment of dental injuries in 12‐ to 14‐year‐old Ontario schoolchildren

Fakhruddin

Lawrence

Kenny

et al. 2008

Dental Traumatology

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“…54,55 In support of this hypothesis, children receiving care in Kinondoni district were 22% more likely to become LTFU than their peers in Ilala district, who tend to have higher SES. 56 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementation and Operational Research

McCormick¹,

Sando

et al. 2015

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes

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Objective To identify risk factors for loss to follow up (LTFU) in an HIV-infected pediatric population in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania between 2004 and 2011. Design Longitudinal analysis of 6236 HIV-infected children. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study of 6236 pediatric patients enrolled in care and treatment in Dar es Salaam from October 2004 to September 2011. LTFU was defined as missing a clinic visit for >90 days for patients on ART and for >180 days for patients in care and monitoring. The relationship of baseline and time-varying characteristics to risk of LTFU was examined using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results 2130 children (34%) were LTFU over a median follow up of 16.7 months (IQR, 3.4–36.9). Factors independently associated with a higher risk of LTFU were age 2 years (RR=1.59, 95% CI 1.40–1.80), diarrhea at enrollment (RR=1.20, 95% CI 1.03–1.41), a low mid-upper arm circumference for age (RR=1.20, CI 1.05–1.37), eating protein 3 times a week (RR=1.39, 95% CI 1.05–1.90), taking cotrimoxazole (RR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.81), initiating onto antiretrovirals (RR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17–1.61), receiving treatment at a hospital instead of a local facility (RR=1.39, 95% CI 1.06–1.41), and starting treatment in 2006 or later (RR=1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16). Conclusions Health workers should be aware of pediatric patients who are at greatest risk of LTFU, such as younger and undernourished patients, so that they can proactively counsel families about the importance of visit adherence. Findings support decentralization of HIV care to local facilities as opposed to hospitals.

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“…Children enrolled in the Kinondoni district had a higher risk of developing TB than children enrolled in other two districts. Compared with district Ilala, people in Kinondoni have lower social-economic status (SES)[35] which could lead to higher risk of TB. While based on Tanzania 2002 census, [36] the population density was much lower in Temeke (977 people/km 2 ) than in Kinondoni (2041 people/ km 2 ) and over-crowding may promote TB transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incident tuberculosis and risk factors among HIV-infected children in Tanzania

Manji

Spiegelman

et al. 2013

Aids

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Objective To describe the burden of pediatric tuberculosis (TB) in a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected population and explore the demographic and clinical factors associated with the occurrence of pediatric TB. Design Longitudinal analysis of a cohort of HIV-infected children. Methods The endpoint of the study was clinically diagnosed TB. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to explore the predictors of incident TB among HIV-infected children under age 15 years after enrollment into the HIV program. Results The cohort comprised of 5040 children [median age: 5 years, interquartile range (IQR): 1–9 years]. During a median follow-up of 0.8 (IQR: 0.1–2.5) years, 376 out of 5040 children met the case definition for TB. The overall incidence of TB was 5.2/100 person-years. In multivariate analyses, older age at enrollment [relative risk (RR): 1.7, 95%, confidence interval (CI): 1.5–1.8], severe wasting (RR: 1.8, 95% CI: 1.3 –2.5), severe immune-suppression (RR: 2.6, 95% CI: 1.8–3.8), anemia (RR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.0–1.9) and World Health Organization (WHO) stage IV (RR: 4.5, 95% CI: 2.4–8.5) were all independently associated with a higher risk of TB. In addition, the use of antiretroviral drugs for more than 180 days reduced the risk of TB by 70% (RR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.2–0.4). Conclusions ART use is strongly associated with a reduced risk of tuberculosis among HIV-infected children, and should therefore be included in HIV care and treatment programs. Trials of interventions designed to improve the nutritional and hematologic status of these children should also be performed.

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Prevalence of teeth with untreated dental trauma among nursery and primary school pupils in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 47 publications

References 14 publications

Etiology and environment of dental injuries in 12‐ to 14‐year‐old Ontario schoolchildren

Etiology and environment of dental injuries in 12‐ to 14‐year‐old Ontario schoolchildren

Implementation and Operational Research

Incident tuberculosis and risk factors among HIV-infected children in Tanzania

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