Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in an Elderly Chinese Population

He, Yao; Jiang, Bin; Wang, Jie; Feng, Kang; Chang, Qing; Fan, Li; Li, Xiaoying; Hu, Frank B.

doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.11.074

Cited by 199 publications

(205 citation statements)

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“…17 Outside the US, the prevalence of MetS ranges from 15% to 38%. 18 We found a higher prevalence of MetS than previous US reports and also evaluated the impact of MetS on mortality in patients with HF from an indigent HFDM population. Prospective cohorts 6,11,12,19 -22 and a meta-analysis of those studies 2 found a clear association between mortality and MetS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Tamariz

Hassan

Palacio

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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BackgroundMetabolic syndrome (MetS) is a risk factor for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and heart failure, but little is known about the impact of MetS in patients who already have heart failure (HF).HypothesisMetS increases mortality in HF.MethodsWe performed an analysis in 865 indigent HF patients enrolled in a HF disease management program at the Chabert Medical Center in Louisiana. All subjects were classified as having MetS if they met three or more of the National Cholesterol Education Program criteria. Mortality was defined using the Social Security Death Index. We calculated the relative hazard (RH) of death for those patients with and without MetS.ResultsThe prevalence of MetS was 40% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 37–43). These subjects had similar ages (54.3±13.4 vs 55.7±12.8 years), more likely to be female (43% vs 33%), had similar baseline ejection fraction (31.4±9.7 vs 30.0±11.0), and New York Heart Association (NYHA) classification (2.20±0.9 vs 2.15±0.9). After 2.6±2.2 years of follow‐up 24% of the MetS group died compared to 16% in the non‐MetS group (p < 0.01). The RH of death for the MetS group was 1.5 (95% CI: 1.1–2.1) when compared to the non‐MetS group after adjustment demographics, use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and β‐blocker, hematocrit, creatinine, educational level, and baseline ejection fraction.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MetS is high in indigent HF patients, and it increases the risk of death. Physicians treating patients with HF need to address the current MetS epidemic in HF. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Tamariz

Hassan

Palacio

et al. 2009

Clinical Cardiology

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“…People of south Asian origin wherever they are settled have an increased vulnerability to coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes, compared to indigenous populations [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. The cause of increased susceptibility of south Asians to CAD and diabetes may be due to MS [20,22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The prevalence of MS in our study was 19.3% (n=387) including 19.8% among men and 18.7% among women. MS has been observed in many ethnic groups and it is estimated that it is prevalent in approximately one fourth of the adult population of the world [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In a multicenter case control study from India, involving 5088 subjects with known type 2 diabetes, the overall prevalence of MS was 77.2%, and the rates were significantly higher among women compared to men, respectively (87.7 vs. 69.3%, P<0.0001) [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is urgent need for strategies to prevent the emerging global epidemic, as this syndrome appears to be a master of disguise since it can present in various ways according to the various components that constitute the syndrome [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Reaven [12], described the MS as syndrome X, De Fronzo et al [13], as the insulin resistance syndrome, and Kaplan [14], the deadly quartet. The MS represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia), insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are well known risk factors for CAD [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MS represents a constellation of metabolic abnormalities including glucose intolerance (type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, or impaired fasting glycaemia), insulin resistance, central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are well known risk factors for CAD [2,3]. Epidemiological studies suggest that primary risk factors such as physical inactivity and unbalanced nutritional consumption of excess calories, simple refined carbohydrates with a high glycemic index and load of high saturated fat (SF), trans fatty acids (TFA), and high w-6/w-3 ratio and lower monounsaturated fatty acids, in the diet are pro-inflammatory [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15], and contribute to the escalating rates of obesity, MS and mortality due to CVD [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association of Higher Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Diet with Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in North India

Singh¹

2017

MOJPH

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Background: The epidemic of obesity and hypertension over the last two decades, in the middle and high income countries is associated with marked rise in the incidence of metabolic syndrome Objective: To measure the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and determine its association with ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids in the diet. Design and Methods:Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in 20 urban streets in the city of Moradabad, India. Randomly selected subjects with MS aged 25 years and above were evaluated and graded according to omega-6/omega-3 ratio in the diet. Physical examination, sphygmomanometer, questionnaire and blood tests were done. Results:The overall prevalence of MS was 19.3% (n=387) and hypertension 26.6% (n=533) without any gender difference. The prevalence of MS, type 2 diabetes, CAD and hypertension showed a trend of higher rate, in relation to omega-6/omega-3 ratio in the diet. Subgroup analysis showed that subjects eating low omega-6/ omega-3 ratio (<5.0) diets had significantly lower prevalence of MS, and related components compared to higher ratio diets, among both sexes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment of age showed, that hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio 0.90 in men, 0.76 in women) was strongly (P<0.01) associated with MS. Hypertension, HDL-C, and central obesity were weakly associated with MS in both sexes. Hypercholesterolemia was weakly associated with MS only in women. Conclusion:MS has become a public health problem in India. Higher w-6/w-3 ratio is a major risk factor of MS and CAD. It is possible that a low w-6/w-3 ratio in the diet (<5.0) may be protective against MS and related components.

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Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Therapy

Levine¹,

Levine²

2012

Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease

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Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease in an Elderly Chinese Population

Cited by 199 publications

References 15 publications

Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Metabolic Syndrome Increases Mortality in Heart Failure

Association of Higher Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Diet with Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in North India

Insulin Resistance, Metabolic Syndrome, and Therapy

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