Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Latin America and its association with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the CARMELA cross sectional study

Escobedo, Jorge; Schargrodsky, Hermán; Champagne, Beatriz; Silva, Honorio; Boissonnet, Carlos; Vinueza, Raúl; Torres, M.; Hernández, R.; Wilson, Elinor

doi:10.1186/1475-2840-8-52

Cited by 134 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Thus, for instance, the population studied was mostly urban, and only in one article was a rural population studied (33) . Nine studies included samples of the general population (24,25,27,28,30,31,(33)(34)(35) , and the rest included apparently healthy sample populations with particular features: university employees (26,29) or a majority of mulatto subjects (32) . In eight studies (24,25,27,(29)(30)(31)(32)34) , the presence of women was higher than that of men; in three (26,28,33) , the presence of men was higher; and in the multi-centre study (35) , the percentages of women and men who took part were the same.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The type of sampling was different among the studies selected (Tables 3 and 4). In order to diagnose MS, the majority (eight) of studies used the ATP III 2001 criteria (28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) ; three were based on the ATP III 2005 criteria (24,25,27) and one was based on both (26) (Table 1). Two studies, in addition to the diagnosis of MS by ATP III criteria, also used IDF criteria (25,26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, a total of twelve articles met the criteria for the present review (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) . Of these articles (eleven crosssectional (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34) and one multi-centre cross-sectional (35) ; Tables 3 and 4, respectively), the following data were found: author and year of publication, number and gender of participants, age range of the population, sampling, city and country in which the study was carried out, procedures to determine MS and its components (measurements), the prevalence of MS and its components, as well as other sociodemographic and environmental factors analysed as associations by the authors. In addition, the following variables were analysed: study design, prevalence of MS and its components by gender and age group, as well as adjusted MS prevalence.…”

Section: Selection Of Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CARMELA study The CARMELA study is the only multi-centre crosssectional research aiming to assess cardiovascular risk factors in Latin-American populations (35) (Table 4). The study included a total of 11 502 individuals, with the same ratio of men and women, who were between 25 and 64 years of age and from urban populations of seven cities.…”

Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review

Márquez‐Sandoval

Macedo-Ojeda

Hörner

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

169

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Objective: To assess the available data on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Latin-American countries. Design: Systematic review. Searches were carried out in PubMed, ISIWeb, SCielo and Redalyc, using 'metabolic syndrome x' and 'prevalence' as keywords for titles and/or abstracts. Articles selected were cross-sectional studies in Latin-American countries, whose main objective was to study MS and whose study population is described below. MS must be determined using Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Twelve studies with these criteria were selected, one of which was multi-centric. Setting: Latin America. Subjects: Apparently healthy subjects aged 18-65 years (including young adult, mature adult and elderly populations) of both genders. Results: The general prevalence (weighted mean) of MS in Latin-American countries was 24?9 (range: 18?8-43?3) %. MS was slightly more frequent in women (25?3 %) than in men (23?2 %), and the age group with the highest prevalence of MS consisted of those over 50 years of age. The most frequent components of MS were low HDL cholesterol levels (62?9 %) and abdominal obesity (45?8 %). Similar outcomes were obtained from the multi-centre study on Latin-American populations analysed. Conclusions: The present review brings us closer to an understanding of the prevalence of MS in Latin-American countries. However, it is not possible to know the full scope of the problem, partly because data from some countries are not available, and because the methodological differences among the studies published up to the present limit a joint analysis of their results.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Selection Of Articlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dyslipidaemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review

Márquez‐Sandoval

Macedo-Ojeda

Hörner

et al. 2011

Public Health Nutr.

169

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“…In Latin America, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ranges from 19 to 43 % (4) and may have reached levels comparable to those observed in Europe and the USA. These estimates, however, are from studies conducted in Mexico and a few South American countries (5)(6)(7)(8) . The prevalence in Mesoamerica is virtually unknown.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of metabolic syndrome in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries

Villamor

Finan

Ramírez‐Zea

et al. 2016

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: To ascertain the prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of cardiometabolic risk factors in adults and school-aged children from Mesoamerica. Design: Cross-sectional study with convenience sampling. In adults, metabolic syndrome was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. In children, we calculated a continuous sex-and age-standardized metabolic risk score using variables corresponding to adult ATP III criteria. Metabolic syndrome prevalence in adults and risk score distribution in children were compared across levels of sociodemographic characteristics with use of Poisson and linear regression, respectively. Setting: Capital cities of Guatemala, El Salvador, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Costa Rica, the Mexican State of Chiapas (Tuxtla Gutiérrez city) and Belize. Subjects: Families (n 267), comprising one child aged 7-12 years and their biological parents. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 37·9 % among women and 35·3 % among men. The most common component was low HDL cholesterol, 83·3 % in women and 78·9 % in men. Prevalence was positively associated with age. In women, metabolic syndrome was inversely related to education level whereas in men it was positively associated with household food security and height, after adjustment. The metabolic risk score in children was inversely related to parental height, and positively associated with height-for-age and with having parents with the metabolic syndrome. Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in Mesoamerica. The burden of metabolic risk factors disproportionately affects women and children of lower socio-economic status and men of higher socio-economic status.

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Extrahepatic implications of metabolic syndrome

Watt

2013

Liver Transpl

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Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome in Latin America and its association with sub-clinical carotid atherosclerosis: the CARMELA cross sectional study

Abstract: Background: Metabolic syndrome increases cardiovascular risk.

Cited by 134 publications

References 36 publications

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Latin America: a systematic review

Prevalence and sociodemographic correlates of metabolic syndrome in school-aged children and their parents in nine Mesoamerican countries

Extrahepatic implications of metabolic syndrome

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