Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in healthy adults according to the estimated iodine intake in 24-hour urine samples: The SALMEX cohort

Flores-Rebollar, Armando; Pérez-Díaz, Iván; Vega-Vega, Olynka; Rivera-Moscoso, Raúl; Fagundo-Sierra, Reynerio; Carbajal-Morelos, Sergio L.; Osorio-Landa, Hillary K; López-Carrasco, María G; Lira-Reyes, Ana R; Correa‐Rotter, Ricardo

doi:10.1007/s00394-020-02254-9

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…There is a close relationship between iodine intake and the risk of developing thyroid disease, which tends to appear in instances of both excessive and deficient iodine intake [29]. Although the present study did not document the iodine intake in the participants, a recent study reported adequate iodine intake in 94% of healthy adults in Mexico City, which could be similar to our study population [30]. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction reported among women in this study was 12.5%; however, it failed to demonstrate the association of thyroid dysfunction with iodine intake status in the Mexican population [30].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

et al. 2021

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The primary aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using two different cut-off levels for TSH values (≥2.5 mIU/L versus ≥4.1 mIU/L). The secondary objective was to analyze the clinical-biochemical characteristics in women with and without SCH. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. In total, 1496 Mexican women with infertility were included: Group 1, women with TSH levels ranging between 0.3 and 2.49 mIU/L, n = 886; Group 2, women with TSH between 2.5 and 4.09 mIU/L, n = 390; and Group 3, women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L n = 220. SCH prevalence was 40.7% (CI 95%: 38.3–43.3%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L, and 14.7% (CI 95%: 12.7–16.5%) with TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L, (p = 0.0001). The prevalence of overweight was higher in Group 2 than in Groups 1 and 3. Thyroid autoimmunity, obesity and insulin resistance were higher in Group 3 than in Group 1 (p < 0.05). No other differences were observed between groups. Conclusions: The prevalence of SCH in our selected patients increased almost three times using a TSH cut-off ≥ 2.5 mIU/L compared with a TSH cut-off ≥ 4.1 mIU/L. Women with TSH ≥4.1 mIU/L compared with TSH cut-off ≤ 2.5 mIU/L more often presented with obesity, thyroid autoimmunity and insulin resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

et al. 2021

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“…One of the greatest concerns in patients with acquired hypothyroidism is the imminent risk of developing depression, which will worsen the patient’s condition and its therapeutic management. Based on different studies ( 8 – 11 ), the prevalence of acquired hypothyroidism is reported between 0.3 and 6.1%, whereas depression can afflict up to 18% of the population, according to Lee’s findings (2023) ( 20 ). Even more interestingly, patients with acquired hypothyroidism have a high prevalence of depression reaching 79.2% in patients with hypothyroidism without treatment ( 21 ), between 12.1 and 36.7% in patients under L-T 4 treatment ( 1 , 22 , 23 ), and between 33.3 and 66.7% in patients who had developed an euthyroid state after L-T 4 treatment (See Table 1 ) ( 24 , 25 ).…”

Section: Depression In Patients With Acquired Hypothyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In European countries, this prevalence was 0.37% with predominance in females ( 9 ). In Mexico, it was reported between 1.2–1.8% in the adult population ( 10 , 11 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the acquired hypothyroidism a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders?

Osnaya-Brizuela,

Valenzuela-Peraza,

Santamaría-del Ángel

et al. 2024

Front. Psychiatry

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Hypothyroidism is a prevalent thyroid condition in which the thyroid gland fails to secrete an adequate amount of thyroid hormone into the bloodstream. This condition may develop due to genetic or acquired factors. The most frequent cause of acquired hypothyroidism is chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, also known as Hashimoto’s disease. Acquired hypothyroidism is diagnosed when patients present with overt hypothyroidism (also known as clinical hypothyroidism), as they exhibit increased TSH and decreased T3 and T4 serum levels. This article examines the prevalence of psychiatric disorders among patients diagnosed with acquired hypothyroidism with or without Levothyroxine treatment. We discuss the available evidence indicating that acquired hypothyroidism may be a risk factor for psychiatric disorders, and the effectiveness of thyroid treatment in relieving psychiatric symptoms. Additionally, we provide critical details on thyroid hormone cutoff values reported in the literature, their potential clinical importance, and their correlation with psychiatric symptoms. Finally, we examined the various mechanisms by which acquired hypothyroidism can lead to depression. The high rate of comorbidity between hypothyroidism and psychiatric disorders deserves special attention, indicating the importance of consistent monitoring and timely identification of psychiatric symptoms to prevent disease exacerbation and facilitate therapeutic management. On the other hand, several mechanisms underlie the strong association between depression and acquired hypothyroidism. Deeper research into these mechanisms will allow knowledge of the pathophysiology of depression in patients with acquired hypothyroidism and will provide clues to design more precise therapeutic strategies for these patients.

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“…As this study was a cross-over research design, we used the con dence interval (CI) for one proportion for sample size calculation. According to Flores-Rebollar's study [14], the prevalence of clinical hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and subclinical hyperthyroidism in healthy adults was 1.8%, 5%, 2.8% and the 1.8% was selected for calculation. the allowable error was set at 1% and the α error was set at 0.05.…”

Section: Subjectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Serum Iodine is Associated with Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Dysfunctions: A Cross-Sectional Study

Guo

Ren

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in healthy adults according to the estimated iodine intake in 24-hour urine samples: The SALMEX cohort

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

Effect of the Cut-Off Level for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone on the Prevalence of Subclinical Hypothyroidism among Infertile Mexican Women

Is the acquired hypothyroidism a risk factor for developing psychiatric disorders?

Low Serum Iodine is Associated with Iodine Deficiency and Thyroid Dysfunctions: A Cross-Sectional Study

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