Prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis: ultrasound screening in normal children

Shabana, Wael; Delange, François; Freson, M; Osteaux, M; Schepper, Jean De

doi:10.1007/s004310051307

Cited by 108 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Along with age, individuals with a unilateral thyroid agenesis frequently develop compensatory hypertrophy of the contralateral thyroid tissue, thyroid nodular disease, and thyroid autoimmune disorders, which are usually not observed among children. This could explain the controversial conclusions about the benign character of this anomaly derived from the recent population-based studies in children (2,6,15). According to these studies, no abnormalities except a significantly increased level of TSH and FT 3 , combined with the presence of compensatory hypertrophy described in the first paper, were found in children with THA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Recent population-based studies estimated the prevalence of THA for 0.2-0.025% (2,6,15,16). Agenesis, for unknown reasons, concerns the left thyroid lobe in the majority of cases, 68-80% according to different reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of a mostly asymptomatic course, THA is usually detected incidentally while investigating concomitant thyroid pathologies or during screening examinations (1)(2)(3). Due to the development and increasing accessibility of various imaging techniques, more cases are detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased risk of thyroid pathology in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: results of a large cohort case–control study

Ruchała

Szczepanek

Szaflarski

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: Thyroid hemiagenesis (THA) is an anomaly resulting from the developmental failure of one thyroid lobe. Etiopathogenesis, clinical significance, and management of patients in whom THA is diagnosed are still a matter of debate. The aim of the study is to provide the first systematic analysis of a large cohort of subjects with THA. Design: Forty patients with THA are described in comparison to a control group of 80 subjects with fully developed thyroid gland. Methods: Serum concentrations of thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT 4 ), free triiodothyronine (FT 3 ), and thyroid autoantibodies were measured. In 37 patients, thyroid ultrasonography and Tc-99m thyroid scintiscan were performed, followed by fine-needle aspiration biopsy if indicated. The remaining archival three cases were diagnosed with the use of I-131 scintiscan under basal conditions and after TSH stimulation. Results: Patients with THA, while usually clinically euthyroid, presented with significantly higher levels of TSH and FT 3 as well as with higher FT 3 /FT 4 concentration in comparison to the control group. Furthermore, a higher incidence of associated functional, morphological, and autoimmune thyroid disorders in patients with THA was observed when compared to subjects with bilobate thyroid (P!0.05). Conclusions: Our results revealed that individuals with THA are more likely to develop thyroid pathology. The observed high incidence of associated pathologies is presumably due to long-lasting TSH overstimulation. Therefore, THA diagnosis should be followed by systematic observation and adequate levothyroxine treatment in patients with elevated TSH level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Increased risk of thyroid pathology in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: results of a large cohort case–control study

Ruchała

Szczepanek

Szaflarski

et al. 2010

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…Hypoplasia of an orthotopic, bilobed gland has been reported to account for at most 5% of cases and thyroid hemiagenesis for less than 0.5% (Van Vliet, 2003). As hemiagenesis is occasionally detected in asymptomatic individuals (Shabana et al, 2000;Korpal-Szczyrska et al, 2008) it could perhaps be questioned if it should really be included in the spectrum of disorders underlying CH (see below).…”

Section: Thyroid Dysgenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thyroid hemiagenesis, meaning absence of one lobe, is occasionally detected among asymptomatic individuals; prevalence figures from 0.05% (Maiorana et al, 2003;Korpal-Szczyrska et al, 2008) to 0.2% (Shabana et al, 2000) have been reported. Interestingly, hemiagenesis almost invariably affects the left lobe, suggesting a specific developmental cause rather than a stochastic mechanism.…”

Section: Clinical Features Of Thyroid Hemiagenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphogenesis of the thyroid gland

Fagman

Nilsson

2010

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

130

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Congenital hypothyroidism is mainly due to structural defects of the thyroid gland, collectively known as thyroid dysgenesis. The two most prevalent forms of this condition are abnormal localization of differentiated thyroid tissue (thyroid ectopia) and total absence of the gland (athyreosis). The clinical picture of thyroid dysgenesis suggests that impaired specification, proliferation and survival of thyroid precursor cells and loss of concerted movement of these cells in a distinct spatiotemporal pattern are major causes of malformation. In normal development the thyroid primordium is first distinguished as a thickening of the anterior foregut endoderm at the base of the prospective tongue. Subsequently, this group of progenitors detaches from the endoderm, moves caudally and ultimately differentiates into hormone-producing units, the thyroid follicles, at a distant location from the site of specification. In higher vertebrates later stages of thyroid morphogenesis are characterized by shape remodelling into a bilobed organ and the integration of a second type of progenitors derived from the caudal-most pharyngeal pouches that will differentiate into C-cells. The present knowledge of thyroid developmental dynamics has emerged from embryonic studies mainly in chicken, mouse and more recently also in zebrafish. This review will highlight the key morphogenetic steps of thyroid organogenesis and pinpoint which crucial regulatory mechanisms are yet to be uncovered. Considering the coincidence of thyroid dysgenesis and congenital heart malformations the possible interactions between thyroid and cardiovascular development will also be discussed.

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Thyroid Gland

Yalçın¹

2016

Bergman's Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation

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Prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis: ultrasound screening in normal children

Abstract: This first systematic ultrasound evaluation of thyroid hemiagenesis in normal children established a prevalence of thyroid hemiagenesis of 0.2% and confirmed the female predominance and higher incidence of agenesis of the left lobe.

Cited by 108 publications

References 12 publications

Increased risk of thyroid pathology in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: results of a large cohort case–control study

Increased risk of thyroid pathology in patients with thyroid hemiagenesis: results of a large cohort case–control study

Morphogenesis of the thyroid gland

Thyroid Gland

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