Prevalence of Toxocara species eggs in soil samples of public health importance in and around Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Natarajan, Sudhakar; Samanta, S.; Sahu, Shivani; Raina, O.K.; Gupta, Siddharth; Madhu, D. N.; Kumar, Anil

doi:10.5455/vetworld.2013.87-90

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Some studies showed high contamination of soil in parks, playgrounds, sandpits and other public spaces with eggs of Toxocara spp. (Toparlak et al, 2002;Habluetzel et al, 2003;Matsuo & Nakashio, 2005;Blaszkowska et al, 2013;Sudhakar et al, 2013). Our results correspond with those of the other authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…For example, human toxocariasis occurs after ingestion of infective and the subsequent migration of larvae (Ondriska et al, 2013). Although the clinical features vary, three syndromes are recognized: toxocaral visceral larva migrans, ocular larva migrans and covert toxocariasis (Kinčeková et al, 1998(Kinčeková et al, , 1999(Kinčeková et al, , 2000Sudhakar et al, 2013). Dog's ownership in cities as well as in the countryside creates continuing problem and increasing risk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dog's ownership in cities as well as in the countryside creates continuing problem and increasing risk. Contamination of environment with infectious stages of zoonoses in excrements originating from dogs and cats is related to this phenomenon (Sudhakar et al, 2013). The probability HELMINTHOLOGIA, 51, 4: 273 -280, 2014 Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog's excrements as a source The problem of large towns is in a high density of dog's faeces and subsequent high environmental burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

et al. 2014

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273 SummaryThe objective of this study was to determine the possibility of soil contamination with propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites at different public places (public parks, playgrounds, sandpits, sidewalks, road sides). In a oneyear-study, totally 578 dog's faecal samples from 8 towns (Košice, Trebišov, Veľké Kapušany, Prešov, Snina, Levoča, Zvolen and Trenčín) and 3 villages (Dlhé Stráže, Dravce, Valaliky) were examined for the presence of parasitic germs. 29.9 % of faecal samples were positive. Eight different species of intestinal parasites with following incidence were detected: Toxocara canis (11.9 %), Trichuris vulpis (8.5 %), Ancylostomatidae (8.1 %), Taenia spp. varied between the urban and rural environments. The highest number of Toxocara spp. was found in village Valaliky (33.3 %) whereas cities showed lesser prevalence (Prešov -10 %, Košice -7.4 %, Trenčín -5.6 %, Zvolen -5.3 %, Veľké Kapušany -4.2 %). The epidemiological aspects and health risk factors are also discussed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

et al. 2014

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“…It has shown that, the soil texture or constituents must provide an open, light type of soil for hook worms, promoting egg hatching and larval development, while, Ascaris, Trichuris and Toxocara demand heavy colloidal soils, as the soil composed mainly of the sand doesn't retain water well and thus is lethal to Toxocara eggs (Xavier et al 2010;Sudhakar et al 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geohelminths distribution as affected by soil properties, physicochemical factors and climate in Sharkyia governorate Egypt

et al. 2014

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Soil-transmitted helminths are mainly a group of parasitic nematodes causing human infection through contact with parasite eggs or larvae; they survive in the warm and moist soil of the tropical and subtropical countries. This study was carried out in Sharkyia governorate from October, 2011 to October, 2013, to correlate between the prevalence and distribution of these parasites in the soil and the physicochemical factors affecting the examined samples of the soil. One hundred and twenty samples of different types of soil (clay, silt, sand) from different localities were collected and examined. Diagnosis of geohelminths was confirmed by the recovery of their eggs and larvae with other protozoa by different parasitological methods. The modified baermann method was found to be more efficient in detection of geohelminths larvae than charcoal culture method. Among the examined sites geohelminths were much more numerous in the soil of rural areas especially in the spring and summer seasons, while the contamination of canal banks by geohelminths was the worst (80 %). An insignificant correlation was reported between the soil texture and the number of positive samples in the examined areas while the relationship was directly proportional among (moisture, PH, organic). It appeared that the most common geohelminthic stage was Toxocara spp. eggs besides other types of protozoa especially Balantidium coli cysts. This suggests that factors other than soil texture are important in the prevalence of geohelminths in the soil e.g. temperature, moisture, PH and organic matter. So, to change some of these factors in a trial to control geoparasites transmission but with keeping the environment should be tried. These results also open the way to further studies to highlight the mutual affection between inhabitants of these sites and the prevalence of these geoparasites.

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“…Kumar and Hafeez (1998) reported that 46 % of public parks and 32 % of school grounds in Andhra Pradesh (South India) were contaminated with Toxocara eggs. Recently, Sudhakar et al (2013) reported that 12.84 % of soil samples were contaminated with the Toxocara spp. eggs in Uttar Pradesh (North India) and public parks were more contaminated than the other sites.…”

Section: Visceral Larva Migrans (Vlm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Larva migrans in India: veterinary and public health perspectives

2013

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Despite an important public health problem in developing world like India, larva migrans remains a neglected zoonosis. Cutaneous larva migrans, Visceral larva migrans, and Ocular larva migrans are the important clinical manifestations seen in humans in India. Although many nematode parasites have the ability to cause the infection, the disease primarily occurs due to Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis. Presence of the infection in dogs is an indirect indication of its incidence in humans in endemic regions. In India, sporadic cases of this neglected but important parasitic zoonosis are the main implications of lack of diagnostic methods and under-reporting of human cases. Tropical climate in addition to overcrowding, poor hygiene and sanitation problems, stray dogs, open defecation by dogs and improper faecal disposal are the important factors for persistence of this disease in the country. Sanitary and hygienic measures, improved diagnostic techniques and surveillance programme in dogs as well as humans should be adopted for its effective control. Comprehensive collaborative efforts by physicians and veterinarians are required to tackle this problem in order to attain optimal health for humans, animals and the environment. Moreover, recognition of larva migrans as an important public health problem is the most important step to combat this neglected disease in developing countries like India.

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Prevalence of Toxocara species eggs in soil samples of public health importance in and around Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India

Cited by 17 publications

References 5 publications

Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

Geohelminths distribution as affected by soil properties, physicochemical factors and climate in Sharkyia governorate Egypt

Larva migrans in India: veterinary and public health perspectives

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