Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients in Pakistan: A Systemic Review

Ehsan, Hamid; Wahab, Ahsan; Anwer, Faiz; Iftikhar, Raheel; Yousaf, Muhammad N.

doi:10.7759/cureus.10070

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… 34 , 39 In the current study, only one patient was positive for HIV. This is in accordance with other studies on HIV in this patient group in Pakistan 40 and indicates that luckily, for the time being, that HIV infection is not a health burden for thalassemia patients in Pakistan. This may be due to somewhat low prevalence rate of HIV infections in Pakistan.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thalassemia Patients from Baluchistan in Pakistan Are Infected with Multiple Hepatitis B or C Virus Strains

Ahmed

Ayub

Naeem

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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There are an estimated 2,000 children with β-thalassemia in the province Baluchistan of Pakistan. These children are at high risk of acquiring transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) due to their need of regular blood transfusions for survival. Therefore, we investigated the frequencies of TTIs among these multi-transfused patients in a region where the WHO guidelines for blood safety are not always followed. Sera from 400 children (mean age 7.7 ± 4.70 years) treated at two thalassemia centers in Baluchistan were investigated for TTIs. Eleven (2.8%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive, and 72 (18.3%) had anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV), two of which were infected with both viruses. Only 22% of the children had been reached by the program for universal hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination which started in 2004. Half (51%) of the HCV infected had also been HBV infected. The HBV- and HCV-infected patients were older and had received more blood transfusions than the uninfected patients (P < 0.001). Molecular characterization of the viral strains revealed the presence of several genetically different strains in at least three HBV- and seven HCV-infected children. This is the first study to demonstrate infections with multiple HBV or HCV strains simultaneously infecting thalassemia patients. These may become the source for new emerging recombinant viruses of unknown virulence. The high prevalence of anti–HCV-positive children, and the presence of HBV infections among children who should have been vaccinated, highlights an urgent need for improvements of blood safety in this region of Pakistan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Thalassemia Patients from Baluchistan in Pakistan Are Infected with Multiple Hepatitis B or C Virus Strains

Ahmed

Ayub

Naeem

et al. 2021

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…15 Among total number of thalassemia patients, the frequency of thalassemia in male was greater than female. We agreed with a study who observed that majority of thalassemia patients were males 16 . However studies found that gender differences in expression profiles of thalassemia patients proposing that females and males are differentially pretentious by the β thalassemia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Impact of consanguinity marriage on developing type 1 diabetes of beta thalassemia children

Khurshid¹,

Fatima²,

Hamza³

et al. 2021

JAFMDC

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Objective: To find impact of consanguinity marriage on developing diabetes in a group of thalassemia children. Methodology: A cross sectional study carried out from October 2016 to June 2017at thalassemia centers of Lahore city. One hundred and fifty beta thalassemia major children with age range 4 to 8 years receiving regular blood transfusion were recruited by purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires were filled by the consented parents of children. Results: Among total number of thalassemia patients, the frequency of male was100 and of female was 50. The frequency of male and female diabetic thalassemia children was 25 (25 %) and 25 (50%) respectively. Frequency of general consanguinity was 148(98.66%). Weak correlation of fasting blood sugar with consanguinity in diabetic thalassemia children was observed. Conclusion: Consanguinity marriages may have a role on developing diabetes in thalassemia children.

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“…These numbers can be a real challenge for the health care system of a low and middle income country like Pakistan. 3 , 4…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies with hematological and biochemical profile: A five year experience from a tertiary care hospital

et al. 2022

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Background & Objective: Determination of hemoglobinopathies is significant for epidemiological studies. There is a need to identify burden of hemoglobinopathies at national level to lay down the foundation of appropriate screening and prevention programs. The present study aimed to evaluate the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies along with hematological and biochemical parameters in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective study included results of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) test from July 2015 - May 2020 in the department of Hematology, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan. Data of all patients collected for red blood cell (RBC) indices, serum iron profile, and vitamin B12 and red cell folate levels. Diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies was done by an automatic analyzer ADAMS A1C Model No. HA-8180T Arkray/Japan. Results: Among 2422 participants, hemoglobinopathy observed in 14.5% (n=352). Beta thalassemia trait is observed as the most common hemoglobinopathy (6.4%). Severe anemia (Hb=5.1-5.5 g/dl) found in beta thalassemia major (BTM) and HbE disease. Red cell parameters showed significant association with different types of hemoglobinopathies. Mean ferritin level was high in E-beta thalassemia (687.8±591.9) followed by sickle cell disease (615.7±543.5). Conclusion: Apparently, overall frequency is static however, results of this study are not applicable to general population due to sample bias. Moreover, true figures are difficult to identify due to high incidence of iron deficiency anemia that masks the diagnosis by conventional techniques. Molecular characterization by DNA analysis is the most reliable tool of diagnosis. However, this method is not widely available in our country due to lack of expertise and cost issues. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5935 How to cite this:Mansoor N, Meraj F, Shaikh A, Jabbar N. Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies with hematological and biochemical profile: A five year experience from a tertiary care hospital. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5935 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Prevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections in Beta-Thalassemia Major Patients in Pakistan: A Systemic Review

Cited by 23 publications

References 22 publications

Thalassemia Patients from Baluchistan in Pakistan Are Infected with Multiple Hepatitis B or C Virus Strains

Thalassemia Patients from Baluchistan in Pakistan Are Infected with Multiple Hepatitis B or C Virus Strains

Impact of consanguinity marriage on developing type 1 diabetes of beta thalassemia children

Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies with hematological and biochemical profile: A five year experience from a tertiary care hospital

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