Prevalence of traumatic dental injury to the anterior teeth in children attending paramilitary and nonparamilitary schools in Nigeria

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the anterior teeth among children attending paramilitary and nonparamilitary schools in Benin City, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A multistage sampling technique was used to select children aged 8–12 years with a previous history of trauma to the orofacial region. A self-administered questionnaire was then applied, and each participant was examined clinically. Data collected included demographic characteristics, etiology and place of injury, affected teeth, type of dental injury, lip competence, and overjet values. Analysis of data was done with the SPSS version 21.0 software. Pearson's Chi-squared test was used to determine the association between variables and odds ratio. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Results: A total number of 1352 children (mean age: 9.89 ± 1.4 years) were examined and 154 (11.4%) had a previous history of TDI. The prevalence among respondents in the paramilitary schools was 84 (6.2%) and those in nonparamilitary schools 70 (5.2%). Falls and play was the most common cause of TDI and was higher in children in paramilitary schools. Ellis Class I was the most prevalent type of injury in 91 (59.1%), tooth number 21 was the most traumatized, and the school environment was the most common place. Of the total number of respondents with TDI, the relationship between etiology with age, lip competence, and overjet was statistically significant ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of TDI among the study participants was 11.4% and more in the paramilitary schools than the nonparamilitary.

Traumatic dental injuries in the Eastern Region of Saudi Arabia: Factors influencing teachers’ management practices

“…2 The main causes of dental trauma were fights and falls which is similar to reports from other countries. 26,27 The results of this study revealed insufficient knowledge of teachers regarding dental trauma which is in line with previous studies nationally and internationally. Although almost half of the participants had witnessed dental trauma, only 7.2% were able to manage it.…”

“…Although the prevalence of traumatic injuries varies worldwide due to geographical locations, demographics, causes of traumatic injury and the study methodology, the prevalence in the current study was within the range of 7% to 59% reported by different studies 2 . The main causes of dental trauma were fights and falls which is similar to reports from other countries 26,27 …”

“…The physical environment of the school including buildings, grounds and use of protective safety equipment for both indoor and outdoor activities can also play a role in the incidence of traumatic injuries. 26,27,35 The WHO healthy school initiative recommends the presence of a school nurse, safety playgrounds, promotion of healthy foods and physical activities within schools. 20 Therefore, the availability of a nurse and a safety ground in schools with regard to TDI were evaluated in the current study.…”

Prevalence of oral conditions and associated factors among schoolchildren in Accra, Ghana: a cross-sectional study

“…There was a 1.9% prevalence of anterior tooth traumatic injury, for which a proportionate number were males. Traumatic dental injury was found to have occurred in 11.4% of a school population in Nigeria, 30 18.5% in a 3- to 5-year-old Sudanese population, 31 and 9.3% in a 12-year-old Indian population. 32 This study, however, reports the prevalence of individuals with evidence of anterior traumatic injury, thus excluding individuals who might have had a traumatic dental injury without necessarily having any sign or symptom, as demonstrated in other studies.…”

Prevalence and Causes of Traumatic Dental Injuries to Anterior Teeth Among Primary School Children in Sana'a City, Yemen

“…The distribution of dental injuries according to the classification of Ellis modified by Fried showed that the most common type of injury was enamel fracture (51.6%), followed by enamel and dentine (36.1), then enamel and dentine with extensive exposure of pulp (7.1%), then fracture involving complete loss of tooth (avulsion) (2.6%),followed by enamel and dentine with early exposure of pulp (1.9%) , and finally a root fracture (0.6%) and no statistical significant difference between them and gender ( Table 5). 22 . The difference in TDI prevalence is associated with many factors for instance study design, sample size, sampling procedure, diagnostic criteria, limited age groups, geographical differences and study locations 23 .…”