Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi’s Discrete Typing Units in a cohort of Latin American migrants in Spain

Martínez-Pérez, Ángela; Poveda, Cristina; Ramírez, Juan David; Norman, Francesca; Gironès, Núria; Guhl, Felipe; Monge‐Maíllo, Begoña; Fresno, Manuel; López‐Vélez, Rogelio

doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.01.032

Cited by 40 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…cruzi has been related to biological characteristics (infectivity, parasitemia, tissue tropism, mortality during the acute phase of infection [13,26–30] and susceptibility/resistance to drugs [5,8,31–34] in murine model and infectivity, replication and differentiation in vector o) [35], epidemiological characteristics [4,36,37] and clinical manifestations [38–40] of Chagas disease. Therefore, the knowledge of parasite genetics may offer insights about the biology of the parasite, patient’s treatment outcome, clinical aspects of human disease, as well as how to establish epidemiological surveillance and control of Chagas disease [41, 42]. So, the genetic diversity of T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a for universal and genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

et al. 2017

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Distinct Trypanosoma cruzi genotypes have been considered relevant for patient management and therapeutic response of Chagas disease. However, typing strategies for genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Chagas disease are still unavailable and requires standardization for practical application. In this study, an innovative TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas Flow ATE-IgG2a technique was developed with applicability for universal and genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection. For this purpose, the reactivity of serum samples (percentage of positive fluorescent parasites-PPFP) obtained from mice chronically infected with TcI/Colombiana, TcVI/CL or TcII/Y strain as well as non-infected controls were determined using amastigote-AMA, trypomastigote-TRYPO and epimastigote-EPI in parallel batches of TcI, TcVI and TcII target antigens. Data demonstrated that “α-TcII-TRYPO/1:500, cut-off/PPFP = 20%” presented an excellent performance for universal diagnosis of T. cruzi infection (AUC = 1.0, Se and Sp = 100%). The combined set of attributes “α-TcI-TRYPO/1:4,000, cut-off/PPFP = 50%”, “α-TcII-AMA/1:1,000, cut-off/PPFP = 40%” and “α-TcVI-EPI/1:1,000, cut-off/PPFP = 45%” showed good performance to segregate infections with TcI/Colombiana, TcVI/CL or TcII/Y strain. Overall, hosts infected with TcI/Colombiana and TcII/Y strains displayed opposite patterns of reactivity with “α-TcI TRYPO” and “α-TcII AMA”. Hosts infected with TcVI/CL strain showed a typical interweaved distribution pattern. The method presented a good performance for genotype-specific diagnosis, with global accuracy of 69% when the population/prototype scenario include TcI, TcVI and TcII infections and 94% when comprise only TcI and TcII infections. This study also proposes a receiver operating reactivity panel, providing a feasible tool to classify serum samples from hosts infected with distinct T. cruzi genotypes, supporting the potential of this method for universal and genotype-specific diagnosis of T. cruzi infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a for universal and genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

et al. 2017

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“…Mixed infections by two or three DTUs in free-living wild mammals have also been described [74]. In humans, mixed infections by two or three DTUs in chronically infected patients have been described in Colombia, Argentina, Chile and in Bolivian patients’ residing in Spain [75–79]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study has shown for the first time that TcIII and TcIV are related to human infection in ES. Until now, these DTUs have only been reported in the Amazon—TcIII and TcIV [12, 13], in Bolivian patients in Spain-TcIV [79], in the Southern and Northeast parts of Brazil—TcIII [91, 92], in Minas Gerais state-TcIII [93] and in Argentina-TcIII [94]. These findings show that the distribution of TcIII and in particular TcIV is higher than has been assumed up to now and confirm that these two DTUs are involved in human infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasite maintenance via cultivation in axenic media or by passaging in experimentally infected animals results in selective pressure [17, 79, 107], making it difficult to detect the assemblage of clonal components of a given T. cruzi isolate. Additionally, during the course of infection, the infected host exerts selective pressures on the parasite population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

et al. 2016

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BackgroundTrypanosoma cruzi infection via oral route results in outbreaks or cases of acute Chagas disease (ACD) in different Brazilian regions and poses a novel epidemiological scenario. In the Espírito Santo state (southeastern Brazil), a fatal case of a patient with ACD led us to investigate the enzootic scenario to avoid the development of new cases. At the studied locality, Triatoma vitticeps exhibited high T. cruzi infection rates and frequently invaded residences.MethodsSylvatic and domestic mammals in the Rio da Prata locality, where the ACD case occurred, and in four surrounding areas (Baia Nova, Buenos Aires, Santa Rita and Todos os Santos) were examined and underwent parasitological and serological tests. Triatomines were collected for a fecal material exam, culturing and mini-exon gene molecular characterization, followed by RFLP-PCR of H3/Alul. Paraffin-embedded cardiac tissue of a patient was washed with xylene to remove paraffin and DNA was extracted using the phenol-chloroform method. For genotype characterization, PCR was performed to amplify the 1f8, GPI and 18S rRNA genes. In the case of V7V8 SSU rRNA, the PCR products were molecularly cloned. PCR products were sequenced and compared to sequences in GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood method with 1000 bootstrap replicates was performed.ResultsNone of the animals showed positive hemocultures. Three rodents and two dogs showed signs of infection, as inferred from borderline serological titers. T. vitticeps was the only triatomine species identified and showed T. cruzi infection by DTUs TcI and TcIV. The analysis of cardiac tissue DNA showed mixed infection by T. cruzi (DTUs I, II, III and IV) and Trypanosoma dionisii.ConclusionsEach case or outbreak of ACD should be analyzed as a particular epidemiological occurrence. The results indicated that mixed infections in humans may play a role in pathogenicity and may be more common than is currently recognized. Direct molecular characterization from biological samples is essential because this procedure avoids parasite selection. T. dionisii may under certain and unknown circumstances infect humans. The distribution of T. cruzi DTUS TcIII and TcIV in Brazilian biomes is broader than has been assumed to date.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1754-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…However, some patients can present infections for mixed DTUs parasites which can be challenging for therapeutic response. 2 Until recently, Chagas disease was confined to areas of South and Central America where T. cruzi is endemic. This disease is a zoonosis transmitted primarily through secretions from hematophagous triatomine insects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in Non-Endemic European Countries

Cambronero-Cortinas¹

2016

ICFJ

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<p>Chagas disease results from infection by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and was presviously described as an endemic disease focused in populations living in poor rural areas of Latin American countries. Currently, migrant populations and some modes of transmission such as blood and organ donation or vertical transmission from infected mothers to their children have caused the spread of this disease beyond its natural geographical boundaries. In Europe, Spain, with over half of these migrants, is undoubtedly the most important recipient, followed by Italy, France and United Kingdom. However, in non-endemic countries there is no universal screening systems and also physicians are often poorly trained in recognizing this disease. So far, few countries are aware of the emergence of this disease and only few European countries have established changes in their health system to address this disease. The National European Health authorities should take part to this model-of-care, adapting in this new epidemiological scenario with screening this pathology in blood donors, organ donations or vertically from mother to child at birth. These mechanisms are the main forms of human infestation in nonendemic countries and are, therefore, the major targets for reduction of spread.</p>

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Prevalence of Trypanosoma cruzi’s Discrete Typing Units in a cohort of Latin American migrants in Spain

Cited by 40 publications

References 36 publications

Performance of TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a for universal and genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Performance of TcI/TcVI/TcII Chagas-Flow ATE-IgG2a for universal and genotype-specific serodiagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection

Ecological scenario and Trypanosoma cruzi DTU characterization of a fatal acute Chagas disease case transmitted orally (Espírito Santo state, Brazil)

Epidemiology of Chagas Disease in Non-Endemic European Countries

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