Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high‐impact sports athletes and their association with knowledge, attitude and practice about this dysfunction

Cardoso, Amanda Maria Brito; Lima, Claudia Regina Oliveira de Paiva; Ferreira, Caroline Wanderley Souto

doi:10.1080/17461391.2018.1496146

Cited by 51 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…32 On the other hand, Yi et al 13 found that 24% of tri-athletes had at least one arm of the female athlete triad, but the athletic triad was not associated with symptoms of any pelvic floor disorders, for example, UI. Our results did not confirm other findings from other sports where low BMI 12,29 and length of participation in sport/hours of training 15,18,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] were significant risk factors. This may be explained by the high training load and low BMI in all the rhythmic gymnasts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…As expected, only few of these young rhythmic gymnasts had heard about the pelvic floor or knew how to train the PFM. Low level of knowledge and adequate practice to treat UI has been found in another study of athletes, 18 but is also common in the non-athlete, young, nulliparous population. Neels et al 38 found that nulliparous women aged 18-27 years rated their general knowledge about the pelvic floor as a mean of 2.4 (SD 2.01) on a VAS scale from 0 to 10.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…12,16,17 One study also indicates that athletes have scant knowledge about the pelvic floor and pelvic floor dysfunctions. 18 The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI in rhythmic gymnasts and, furthermore, to investigate the impact of UI on performance and their knowledge of the pelvic floor and PFM training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance

Gram

Bø

2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Urinary incontinence (UI) is common among exercising women, but no studies have been found in rhythmic gymnasts. The aims of the present study were to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for UI in rhythmic gymnasts and the impact of UI on performance. This was a cross-sectional study including all rhythmic gymnasts competing at the highest national and international level in Norway. One hundred and thirty-three gymnasts from 22 sports clubs were invited to participate. Background data and possible risk factors were collected via electronic questionnaires. UI was assessed by Urinary Incontinence short form (ICIQ-UI SF). The "Triad-specific selfreport questionnaire" was applied to assess the female athlete triad. Joint mobility was assessed by Beighton score. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess possible risk factors. One hundred and seven nulliparous rhythmic gymnasts (80.5% response rate) from 21 sports clubs, with mean age of 14.5 (SD 1.6) years, participated in the study. Thirty-four (31.8%) reported UI with 21 (61.8%), 3 (8.8%), 6 (17.6%), and 4 (11.8%) reporting stress, urgency, mixed urinary incontinence, and leakage for no obvious reason, respectively. BMI, hypermobility, menarche, disordered eating, and hours of training were not found to be risk factors for stress urinary incontinence.Twenty-four gymnasts with UI (70.6%) reported incontinence to influence sports performance; 10 (29.4%) reported to be afraid of visible leakage and 5 (14.7%) that the leakage would happen again. Seventy-four (69.1%) had never heard about the pelvic floor. In conclusion, UI is common in rhythmic gymnasts and may influence sports performance. K E Y W O R D Sfemale athletes, pelvic floor, performance, rhythmic gymnastics, urinary incontinence How to cite this article: Gram MCD, Bø K. High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:159-165. https ://doi.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance

Gram

Bø

2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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“…The reduction of UI during exercise after starting the quarantine was statistically signi cant and the reasons appointed by the respondents were the interruption of double under exercises and the reduction in the intensity of the training. Double under is the CrossFit movement that most frequently increases the intra-abdominal pressure (429 cm H2O), this value being one of the highest ever attributed to any sporting gesture [5]. In a previous study performed from our group [6], it was the exercise mostly associated with UI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…High performance and high impact sports, such as acrobatic trampoline, weightlifting and long-distance running, may cause a two-fold to increase the odds for UI in young athletes [2,3]. In middle-aged women, losing urine signi cantly limits physical activity [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of quarantine due to COVID-19 on female urinary incontinence during exercise in CrossFit practitioners: an observational study

Araújo

Brito

Ejnisman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Introduction and hypothesis: Urinary incontinence (UI) during exercise (athletic incontinence) affects about 30% of CrossFit practitioners. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, CrossFit academies were closed, impacting on several dimensions of the health of these athletes. We aimed to evaluate the effect of quarantine due to COVID19 pandemic on the training volume and UI during exercises for female crossfitters. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 197 female CrossFit practitioners. An online questionnaire was emailed containing questions about frequency, duration and intensity of training and data related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether UI stopped among participants, they were asked about the possible reasons why this happened. A 5% significance level was stablished.Results: Mean age of the participants was 32 years old, with an average frequency of training of 50 minutes per day, four times/ week. Most participants lived in an apartment (65.5%) and with another person (40.1%). Main CrossFit training location during quarantine was inside home (55%). There was a decrease in training intensity in 64% of the respondents. Exercises with their own body weight, such as air squat (98.2%) followed by push up (92.2%) were the most performed. UI was reported by 32% of participants before the COVID-19 pandemic, and only 14% of them during the pandemic (OR = 0.32[0.19-0.53],p <0.01; univariate analysis). Practitioners reported that the reason possibly related to UI improvement was the reduction of training intensity and not performing double under exercise. Conclusion: Quarantine by COVID-19 reduced in 18% of UI during exercises by CrossFit practitioners.

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Up for the tackle? The pelvic floor and rugby. A review

Donnelly,

Bø,

Forner

et al. 2024

European Journal of Sport Science

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The pelvic floor and its associated disorders are a unique and often overlooked aspect of women's rugby. This review discusses relevant biopsychosocial considerations specific to the pelvic floor and rugby. Pelvic floor disorders can present at any time across the female lifespan but are more prevalent during pregnancy and postpartum. This is due to the substantial physiological and anatomical changes experienced during pregnancy and vaginal childbirth. Consequently, pelvic floor disorders can impact a player's ability to perform, maintain engagement with, or return to, rugby due to symptoms. Players need to be informed, supported, and guided through focused pelvic floor muscle training to condition the muscles and ‘ready’ them for the varied demands of rugby. Health and fitness professionals should understand the risk of pelvic floor disorders across the female lifespan and screen players for symptoms when supporting them to maintain or return to rugby. Rugby players who are symptomatic of pelvic floor disorders should be signposted to specialist services and/or resources to manage their symptoms. Once engaging in rugby training, ongoing evaluation of player load tolerance and implementation of individualized strategies to support managing rugby‐related loads to the pelvic floor should be considered. Finally, surveillance and research focusing specifically on rugby players and pelvic floor function are needed.

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Prevalence of urinary incontinence in high‐impact sports athletes and their association with knowledge, attitude and practice about this dysfunction

Cited by 51 publications

References 44 publications

High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance

High level rhythmic gymnasts and urinary incontinence: Prevalence, risk factors, and influence on performance

Impact of quarantine due to COVID-19 on female urinary incontinence during exercise in CrossFit practitioners: an observational study

Up for the tackle? The pelvic floor and rugby. A review

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