Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst primary school children in Ikwo and Ohaukwu Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Umoh, Nse O.; Nwamini, Chimezie F.; Inyang, N.J.; Umo, A; Usanga, Victor Udoh; Nworie, Amos; Elom, Michael Okpara; Ukwah, Boniface N.

doi:10.4102/ajlm.v9i1.812

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The result obtained from the study showed the abundance and diversity of freshwater snail intermediate hosts in the water canals studied. This abundance and diversity of freshwater snail hosts are of public health importance because of the eminent risks to human infections his finding corroborates with that of [1,18] that the presence of freshwater snails is of public health importance because of the indication for parasitic transmission.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Urinary schistosomias is constitutes a major infection of public health importance in Nigeria and affects mainly the rural poor and some disadvantaged urban populations [14][15][16]. It is characterized by haematuria, dysuria, bladder wall pathology, hydronephrosis (swelling of kidney due to build-up of urine), It can also present with squamous cell carcinoma [14,17,18]. In adults, the infection…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

Ugochukwu¹,

Chozuruoke²,

Ezinna³

2022

Int Arch Public Health Community Med

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Studies have linked freshwater snails with human flukes as a result of repeated contacts with contaminated water. This study is aimed to determine the distribution of freshwater snails and their infectivity rates along human dwellings in Okigwe Imo state using Physico-Chemical parameters. Freshwater snails were collected by using long plastic spoons and with hand-picking method. The Physico-Chemical parameters were determined with appropriate instrument and freshwater snails harvested from the site were morphologically identified. One thousand four hundred and nine (1409) freshwater snails belonging to the species Lymneae and Bulinus were collected once a week throughout the period of study with the relative percentage of 43.9%; 29.9%; 26.2% respectively. The infectivity rate was highest in snails that were collected in the month of May compared to those collected in June and July, the rate was 69.2%, 50.1% and 33.6% in the months of May, June and July respectively. Dissolved oxygen (DO), Biological oxygen demand (BOD) and PH were found to significantly influence snail distribution in the site (p < 0.05). The finding showed that 54.2% of all the snails collected were infected. The snail distribution observed may give an insight into some aspects of the epidemiology of trematodes infection in Okigwe the site for the study and their potential risks to infect human beings and animals.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

Ugochukwu¹,

Chozuruoke²,

Ezinna³

2022

Int Arch Public Health Community Med

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“…This abundance and diversity of freshwater snail hosts are of public health importance because of the increased risks to human infections. This finding corroborates with that of [1,18] which argued that because of the increased presence of freshwater snails during the dry season, that public health professionals should, as of optimal importance, health educate residents living near water canals on the need to reduce regular contacts with freshwater canals during dry season. This is to minimize the parasitic transmission of diseases including schistosomiasis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Urinary schistosomiasis constitutes a major infection of public health importance in Nigeria and affects mainly the rural poor and disadvantaged urban populations [14][15][16]. It is characterized by haematuria, dysuria, bladder wall pathology, hydronephrosis (swelling of kidney due to build-up of urine), and can also present with squamous cell carcinoma [17][18][19]. In adults, the infection can result to genital ulcers and other types of lesions that can cause poor reproductive health with sexual dysfunction and infertility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fresh Water Snails (Bulinus and Lymnaea) in Canals in Imo State, Nigeria: Their Public Health Importance and Implications for Control

Enwereji¹

2023

J Infect Dis Case Rep

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“…The prevalence of UgS in Nigeria varies from region to region, with some areas having much higher prevalence [21,22,23,24] than others [10,25,26,27].…”

Section: Epidemiological Status In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing Urogenital and Female Genital Schistosomiasis among Teenagers in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Aribodor,

Azugo,

Jacob

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Urogenital schistosomiasis (UgS) remains a persistent health challenge among adolescents in Anambra State, Nigeria, despite ongoing control efforts. Since 2013, mass praziquantel treatment programs have primarily targeted school-aged children (5-14 years), leaving teenagers susceptible to Schistosoma haematobium infection. Additionally, the extent of female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a neglected gynaecological manifestation of UgS remains unclear. Methodology To address these gaps, our study conducted a comprehensive investigation in Anaocha Local Government Area between February and May 2023. Using stratified random sampling, we enrolled 470 teenagers (aged 10-19 years old). The study involved urinalysis tests for haematuria and microscopic detection of S. haematobium eggs via polycarbonate membrane filters. For females with heavy infections (≥ 50 eggs/10 ml urine), we performed colposcopy examinations of the cervicovaginal canal, complemented by acetic acid and Lugol's iodine staining for comprehensive sexual and reproductive health assessments. Data collection employed Kobo ToolBox software, following guidelines from the COUNTDOWN Consortium on FGS, ensuring gender-sensitive data collection. Our data underwent rigorous analysis using SPSS version 25, incorporating descriptive statistics, multinomial logistic regression, odds ratios, and significance testing. Results Unveiling our findings, we noted UgS prevalence of 14.5% with an average infection intensity of 5.25 eggs/10 ml urine. While females exhibited a slightly higher prevalence (16.1%), with 7.5% of females enduring heavy infection burdens, the gender difference was not statistically significant. However, males showed higher odds of infection (OR: 1.332; 95% CI: 0.791-2.244; p-value: 0.280). Colposcopy examinations showed FGS lesions as well as co-infection with Trichomonas vaginalis. Teenagers aged 10-14 had the highest prevalence, with significantly higher odds of infection (OR: 1720; 95% CI: 1.012-2.923; p-value: 0.045). Haematuria, though prevalent (24.6%), was not the sole indicator, as those without it faced significantly higher odds of infection (OR: 2.924; 95% CI: 1.731-4.941; p-value: 0.000). Dysuria and genital itching/burning were other UgS-associated symptoms identified. Remarkably, a 17-year-old girl with an FGS-positive diagnosis who reported severe itching was found to have Pthirus pubis (pubic louse) in her urine. This uncommon occurrence is likely due to close contact with an infected person or animal. Direct water contact was associated with higher infection odds (OR: 2.601; 95% CI: 1.007-6.716; p-value: 0.048). Co-infections with cercarial dermatitis further emphasized the risks, especially among individuals with extended water contact histories. Various risk factors were associated with UgS, including the purpose of waterbody visits, duration of freshwater exposure, awareness of UgS and FGS, deworming history, comfort in discussing genital health, and confidantes for such discussions. Conclusion The alarmingly high rates of UgS and FGS among teenagers in Anambra State call for integrated interventions, behaviour change campaigns, improved awareness, cost-effective diagnostics and treatments, and the training of healthcare workers in a people-centered approach. Our goal is to eliminate the neglect of marginalized populations and strive for disease elimination by 2030.

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Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis amongst primary school children in Ikwo and Ohaukwu Communities of Ebonyi State, Nigeria

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

Fresh Water Snails (Bulinus and Lymnaea) in Canals in Imo State, Nigeria: Their Public Health Importance and Implications for Control

Addressing Urogenital and Female Genital Schistosomiasis among Teenagers in Anambra State, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

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