Prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recently published literature (2016–2020)

Abstract

Background Urinary schistosomiasis is a serious threat in endemic territories of Africa and the Middle East. The status of female urinary schistosomiasis (FUS) in published literature between 2016 and 2020 was investigated. Methods A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, based on the ‘Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses’ checklist, and a meta-analysis using random-effects model to calculate the weighted estimates and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were done. Results Totally, 113 datasets reported data on 40,531 women from 21 African countries, showing a pooled prevalence of 17.5% (95% CI: 14.8–20.5%). Most studies (73) were performed in Nigeria, while highest prevalence was detected in Mozambique 58% (95% CI: 56.9–59.1%) (one study). By sample type and symptoms, vaginal lavage [25.0% (95% CI: 11.4–46.1%)] and hematuria 19.4% (95% CI: 12.2–29.4%) showed higher FUS frequency. Studies using direct microscopy diagnosed a 17.1% (95% CI: 14.5–20.1%) prevalence rate, higher than PCR-based studies 15.3% (95% CI: 6.1–33.2%). Except for sample type, all other variables had significant association with the overall prevalence of FUS. Conclusions More studies are needed to evaluate the true epidemiology of FUS throughout endemic regions.

Fresh Water Snails of Public Health Importance in Canals in Okigwe Imo State Nigeria: Their Infectivity and Implications for Control

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Prevalence and risk factors of schistosomiasis among pregnant women in northern Senegal

“…The present study shows that proteinuria is a risk factor associated to S. haematobium and S. mansoni infection in pregnant women. This parameter could be taken into account in addition to the hematuria, the most important symptoms and risk factors of female genital schistosomiasis [53] to improve the detection of urogenital schistosomiasis in pregnant women in endemic area.…”

Fresh Water Snails (Bulinus and Lymnaea) in Canals in Imo State, Nigeria: Their Public Health Importance and Implications for Control

“…Apart from reports on the prevalence of schistosomiasis there is the scarcity of research on how to minimize the risk factors associated with this infection among individuals especially those resident in the South East regions of the country including Imo State [26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. This lack of information on the prevention and/or control of risk factors has been shown to constitute limitations in the health workers' efforts to provide relevant intervention programmes.…”