Prevalence of Urinary Tract Infection and Drug Resistance among Infants and Children in Pakistan

Abstract

In infancy most common and a serious disease is known as Urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of the current study is to evaluate the frequency and antibiotic resistant among infant presenting with UTI in Lahore General hospital, Lahore-Pakistan. The current observational study comprised 100 (n=100) cases diagnosed with UTI. The study was conducted at Lahore General Hospital, Pakistan, between March 2019 and January 2020. Data were collected and recorded on specified proformas that had information on demographics, biochemical analysis, and complaints, as well as the antibiotic used and blood cultures. The most common gram-negative bacilli (GNB) causing UTI was E. coli constitute about 72% followed by Klebsiella (11%), Enterobacter (7%) and Enterococcus (4%). Most of the isolated pathogens are highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and cephalexin (72%–95%), have intermediate sensitivity to third- generation cephalosporins, and high sensitivity to amikacin, nitrofurantoin and ciprofloxacin. Similarly, the other pathogens showed different degree of occurrence and resistance against empirically used antibiotics. The most prevalent UTI causative organism among children was E. coli. The insulated microorganisms were highly resistant to ampicillin, and highly sensitive to amikacin.

Antibiogram and susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates of urinary tract infection among children and adolescents at a tertiary care hospital

“…18,1 Sensitivity to co-amoxiclav in our study was 53% whereas in previous studies it was 71% 9 , 52% 7 , 35% 16 , 26.5% 18 , 18% 2 , 18.5% 1 and 18% 3 . Sensitivity to trimethoprim-sulphmethoxazole in our study was 19% only, while in previous studies it was 97 % 16 , 70% 19 , 63% 9 , 50% 2 , 42% 3 , 39% 13 , 26% 7 , and only 6%. 10 Sensitivity to cephalosporin in our study was only 8% which is quiet alarming situation for our geographic area because in previous studies sensitivity to cephalosporins was quite good, i.e., it was 85% to cefoxitin, 82% to cefotaxime, and 75% to ceftazidime in one study 3 while in other studies it was 93 % to ceftriaxone 16 , 74% to cefotaxime 9 and 19.8% to cefixime.…”

“…10 Sensitivity to cephalosporin in our study was only 8% which is quiet alarming situation for our geographic area because in previous studies sensitivity to cephalosporins was quite good, i.e., it was 85% to cefoxitin, 82% to cefotaxime, and 75% to ceftazidime in one study 3 while in other studies it was 93 % to ceftriaxone 16 , 74% to cefotaxime 9 and 19.8% to cefixime. 1 Similarly studies conducted in Pakistan previously which shows sensitivity of 32.3%, 39%, 21.3% and only 10% to ceftriaxone 18,1,19,10 whereas sensitivity to cefotaxime 23.8% and 22.5%. 18,19 The 398 102…”

“…1 Similarly studies conducted in Pakistan previously which shows sensitivity of 32.3%, 39%, 21.3% and only 10% to ceftriaxone 18,1,19,10 whereas sensitivity to cefotaxime 23.8% and 22.5%. 18,19 The 398 102…”

“…Other studies in the past also shows the similar results for nitrofurantoin 98%, 85.3%, 82%, 97%, 88%, 83%, and 82%. 9,19,2,13,16,9,3 However, one study showed only 43% sensitivity to nitrofurantoin. 5 Surprisingly one study in Pakistan shows 0% sensitivity toward nitrofurantoin [1].…”