Prevalence of Urogenital Schistosomiasis in Four Communities in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in terms of morbidity and mortality and it is endemic in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in four communities (Agbura, Otakeme, Otuagela and Otuokpoti) in Ogbia Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria using Filtration and Sedimentation technique. Snails collected were identified by the shape of their outer shell. Basic statistics method and ANOVA was used to analyze the data. Out of the 276 urine samples examined, 36 (13.0%) tested positive for Schistosoma haematobium. The age-related infection showed that the age-group 10-14 years (26.9%) had the highest rate of infection, followed by 5-9 years 7 (19.4%). Age-group 50 years and above had a zero infection rate. Sex -related infection showed that an overall prevalence rate of 71.6% was recorded among males and 39.4% for females indicating that infection was higher in males than in females in all the communities; In Otuokpoti, males 8(33.3%) to females 5 (15.1%), In Otakeme, males had 6 (12.8%) than females 5 Gbonhinbor and Abah; IJTDH, 39(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.IJTDH.52858 2 (15.6%), in Otuagela males had 7 (16.7%) than females 2 (8.7%) and in Agbura males had 3 (8.8%) than females 1 (9.1%). Primary school children had the highest 16 (21.9%) while retired civil servants had 0(0.0%). The difference was significant. Bulinus globosus was the only snail intermediate host identified in both ponds and streams. Human water contact activities observed around the water bodies were recreational activities (washing, bathing, fishing) and harvesting of freshwater snails. Variance (ANOVA) of the age-specific prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis in the four communities showed no significant difference at P<0.05 (P=0.082) among sampled population and also no significant difference at P<0.05 (P=0.55) across the infected population in the four communities. In conclusion, urogenital schistosomiasis is still prevalent and remains a public health challenge in Ogbia, Bayelsa state. It is strongly recommended that health education and provision of safe water should be stepped up as a control measure of the infection in the area. Original Research Article

Ultrasound aspects and risk factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis among primary school children in Mali

“…This observation is to some extent logical since bilharzia is directly related to exposure to contaminated fresh water. These results are the same as those reported by several authors [ 23 , 24 ] where the relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and contact with freshwater bodies infested with cercariae is well established. Children with farming parents were the most affected by urinary schistosomiasis.…”

Prevalence and risk factors associated with urogenital schistosomiasis among primary school pupils in Nigeria

“…Our study also revealed an increase in prevalence with respect to age among the primary school pupils (12–14 year age group). This is consistent with the findings of Gbonhinbor and Abah (2019) , Amuga et al (2020) , and may be attributed to the fact that this age group engages in a number of water-related activities. In contrast, a study conducted by Angora et al (2020) along the Ivory Coast, did not observe any difference in prevalence among the three age groups.…”

“…An overall prevalence of 7.1% was obtained from a total of 5514 urine samples. Similar to results published in previous studies (Otuneme et al, 2014, Gbonhinbor and Abah, 2019 ), males were infected more than their female counterparts, although this result was not statistically significant. The lack of statistical significance could be as a result of a lack of differences in sociocultural behaviors between the two genders.…”

“…The relationship between the prevalence of schistosomiasis and contact with freshwater bodies infested with cercariae is well established ( Ugbomoiko et al, 2010 ; Gbonhinbor and Abah, 2019 ). As expected, we found that frequent contact with freshwater bodies infested with cercariae, like contact when collecting water for domestic use, recreation, swimming, washing and fishing, was associated with urogenital schistosomiasis.…”

Survey of Schistosoma haematobium and Environmental Factors in Donga Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria

“…However, the highest prevalence of 11.82% was recorded in the age group 10-15 years. This quite agrees with previous similar findings such as that of Abdullahi and Saicki (2011) The relationship between the prevalence of Urinary Schistosomiasis and contact with freshwater bodies infested with cercariae is well established (Ugbomoiko et al, 2010;Gbonhinbor and Abah, 2019). In collaboration with the above, frequent contact with freshwater bodies infested with cercariae, like contact when collecting water for domestic use, swimming, washing and fishing was associated with urogenital Schistosomiasis.…”