Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, risk factors and associated disorders: Knowledge of inhabitants and professionals in Fulbaria, Mymensingh

Bhowmick, Anindita Rani; Khanum, Hamida

doi:10.3329/bjz.v45i1.34197

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Similar results were found in Ethiopia [22] and Nepal [23]. In one study in Fulbaria, Mymensingh, it was found that 99% of the respondents did not hear about sandfly [13], although in our study the combined percentage was 13% in Kushmail and Kanihari unions.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Mymensingh district is the hyper-endemic, and Fulbaria, Trishal, Bhaluka, Muktagacha, and Gafargaon are the hyper-endemic sub-districts (upazillas) in this district [19]. A study found that the overall prevalence of kala-azar patients in seven unions of Fulbaria sub-district was 45.12% [13].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another study in non-endemic districts of Bangladesh during 2011–2012 reported that 65% of inhabitants were aware that kala-azar is curable, and only 13% heard of sandfly that indicates the poor awareness of the inhabitants regarding kala-azar [12]. A study in rural Fulbaria during 2015–2016 found that 100% of respondents heard about kala-azar, although only 0.93% were aware of sandfly [13]. In the non-program districts in Nepal, lack of its awareness among population was identified as one of the important barriers to the surveillance program [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about how individuals and communities in different areas of Bangladesh perceive the disease and its management [12, 13, 17], however, studies such as these are crucial for the appropriate use of limited resources in poor socioeconomic and educational conditions. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to assess the awareness of residents about kala-azar and related practices to control it in highly-endemic areas of Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awareness of residents about kala-azar and its related practices in two endemic areas of Bangladesh

Saleh

Khan²,

Kabir³

2019

PLoS ONE

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Kala-azar, a worldwide disease, is caused by the parasitic protozoan species of genus Leishmania and transmitted by species of sandflies. Awareness of the population about the disease is essential to run a successful control-strategies program. This cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the awareness of residents about it and related practices in two highly-endemic areas of Bangladesh. In total, 511 household respondents were selected conveniently from two unions (Kushmail and Kanihari) under two sub-districts (Trishal and Fulbaria) of Mymensingh district. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for assessing the awareness of the respondents about kala-azar and their practices. Knowledge scores were categorized as poor (mean +1SD). Statistical tests were considered significant at p value of �5% (�0.05). Chisquared and Student's t-tests were performed for statistical analysis. The mean knowledge score of the respondents of Kanihari union regarding kala-azar was significantly higher than that of the respondents of Kushmail union (mean ±SD, 4.30 ±0.86 versus 4.12 ±0.75, p = 0.002). Of the respondents, 11% and 20% had good (>5.04), 77% and 72% had average (3.43-5.04), 12% and 8% had poor (<3.43) (GAP) knowledge on kala-azar in Kushmail union and Kanihari union respectively. However, the mean knowledge score of the respondents of Kanihari union relating sandfly was significantly lower compared to that of the respondents of Kushmail union (mean ±SD, 2.49 ±0.79 versus 2.65 ±0.85, p = 0.03). Of them, 22% and 19% had good (>3.39), 67% and 64% had average (3.39-1.75), and 11% and 17% had poor (<1.75) knowledge on sandfly in Kushmail union and Kanihari union respectively. More than 70% of the respondents from Kushmail and Kanihari mentioned only injection as the preferred treatment of kala-azar. Eighty-seven percent and 88% of the respondents in the two unions had chosen upazilla health complex for the treatment of their kala-azar. About 50% of the respondents in Kushmail and Kanihari liked to use coil or mat as a preventive measure to avoid sandfly bites. The findings of this study indicate the importance of awareness and related practices of the community people in two endemic areas that will help implement the kala-azar-elimination program successfully in Bangladesh.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Awareness of residents about kala-azar and its related practices in two endemic areas of Bangladesh

Saleh

Khan²,

Kabir³

2019

PLoS ONE

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“…In the study of Takele Tedesser, the mean age was found 34 years and male female ratio was 0.9:1 where it might be due to two thirds of the symptomatic sputum smear positive tuberculosis remains undiagnosed and higher HIV prevalence rate (four to six times) 16 . Amongst 140 Kala-azar patients in this study 77 were male and 63 were female with the ratio of 1 19 . The prevalence of KA showed a decreased trend with the increase of age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Leishmaniasis and Tuberculosis Concurrent Infection in Humans and Animals in Kala-azar Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Rahman

Alam

Sarker³

et al. 2020

J. Armed Forces Med. Coll.

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Introduction: Co-infection of parasitic disease and pulmonary tuberculosis are increasing public health problem especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. More than 81% of cases and deaths from TB are in developing countries and is aggravated by concurrency with parasitic diseases, where in Bangladesh suffer a substantial no of Kala-azar cases in each year. Cattle are found to have bovine tuberculosis but at the same areas of Kala-azar endemicity, whether this animal found to be positive. Objectives: To findout the concurrent infection in humans and animals in Kala-azar endemic areas of Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at Surya Kanto Hospital, Mymensingh and four Kala-azar endemic Upazilla of Mymensingh, Tangail and Pabna District. A total of 300 highly suspected tuberculosis patients reported from Kala-azar endemic areas and 170 cattle’s blood sample, 110 cattle spleen samples were included in this study. Cattle blood and spleen samples were investigated for both TB and Kalaazar and all the TB cases were investigated for Kala-azar. Buffy coat from venous blood was taken for ELISA and PCR. Spleen samples were sonicated and then were examined by PCR. All patients’ blood was tested with ICT (rK39) for Visceral Leishmaniasis. ICT positive patient’s splenic aspiration was examined by smear microscopy with 10x 100 magnifications. After that, all these samples were tested by ELISA and PCR. Results: Out of total 300 patients 162(54%) were found positive for TB. Blood sample of 180 patients was tested with ICT rK39 and 12(7%) patients were found positive for leishmaniasis who suffered from Tuberculosis. These 12(7%) patient’s splenic smear were examined of which 11(92%) of them were found positive for leishmania. But using ELISA all 12(100%) patient smears were found positive. Out of 170 cattle blood 12(7.1%) were ICT positive indicating prevalence of bovine tuberculosis and of these 170 cattle blood 20(11.8%) were found positive for antileishmania antibody. With PCR of these 20, no one was found positive for Leishmania. Conclusion: Visceral leishmaniasis and tuberculosis coinfection have drawn attention clinically. This study found the presence of leishmaniasis and tuberculosis concurrently in humans in Kala-azar endemic areas, wherein bTB antibody was detected in cattle. Though concurrently leishmania antibody was found in cattle but was not proved by PCR which requires further studies. Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14 (2) 2018: 91-96

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Visceral and Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

Osuolale

2023

Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges

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Visceral and tegumentary leishmaniasis are neglected tropical diseases caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania. In this chapter, we discuss the causative organisms and the different clinical manifestations, their global and endemic distribution, and methods of vector and human-to-human transmission. We also explore current drug treatment regimens for both diseases and present a brief introduction to vaccine development.

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Prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis, risk factors and associated disorders: Knowledge of inhabitants and professionals in Fulbaria, Mymensingh

Cited by 11 publications

References 8 publications

Awareness of residents about kala-azar and its related practices in two endemic areas of Bangladesh

Awareness of residents about kala-azar and its related practices in two endemic areas of Bangladesh

Leishmaniasis and Tuberculosis Concurrent Infection in Humans and Animals in Kala-azar Endemic Areas of Bangladesh

Visceral and Tegumentary Leishmaniasis

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