Prevalence of Water Pipe Use and Its Correlates in Iranian Women of Reproductive Age in Tehran: A Population-Based Study

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of water pipe smoking and its associated sociodemographic factors among Iranian women of reproductive age in Tehran. Subjects and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study of 1,359 Iranian women aged 15–49 years. The multistage random cluster technique was used to obtain the sample. Questionnaire-based interviews with questions relating to water pipe smoking and sociodemographic variables were used to collect the data. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyse the relationships between the dependent variable (water pipe smoking) and the independent variables (sociodemographic characteristics). Results: The prevalence of water pipe smoking was 6.3% among Iranian women. Water pipe smoking was more likely in the age range of 15–24 years [odds ratio (OR) = 4.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 2.7–8.6] compared to the age range of 35 years or older, in women with a university education (OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.3–3.0) compared to women with a high-school diploma or lower, and in women with an average crowding index score (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.1–10.6) compared to women living in small families. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that Iranian women with a university education and the younger age group (15–24 years) were at most risk of water pipe smoking. The findings of this study about associated factors may contribute to the development of efficient health promotion programmes for the prevention and cessation of water pipe smoking.

The Prevalence, Attitudes, and Correlates of Waterpipe Smoking Among High School Students in Iran: a Cross-Sectional Study

“…This increase shown in our study also may support the findings of the previously mentioned study which claimed that 18.5% of students who had previously never smoked WP turned into WP experimenters (even one or two puffs) and 1.5% of WP experimenters turned into regular WP users (current WP smokers) [34]. According to a study that was done in Tehran in 2012, the prevalence of WP smoking among women 15-24 years age was 6.9% [40] and in the southern cities in Iran, it was 8.2% [41]. The national GYTS survey that was done in 2007 in Iran among 1 996 middle-school students aged 13-15 showed that 43.8% of students had smoked WP at least once, of whom 55% were males and 32% were females, and 16.5% were current WP smokers, of whom 22.8% were males and 9.4% were females [19].…”

Hookah Smoking in High School Students and Its Determinants in Iran

“…The results of logistic regression models indicated that these results are correct after controlling for other relevant variables. These results are similar to previous study results in Iran that reported that cigarette smoking and hookah smoking is more prevalent in men than in women (Baheiraei et al, 2012;Mohammad et al, 2001;Sarrafzadegan et al, 2010). 18.9 ± 5.0 Attitude toward smoking −11.1 ± 2.1 −10.2 ± 2.9* −11.1 ± 2.1 −9.8 ± 3.3* −9.5 ± 3.5 −7.8 ± 4.7* −4.8 ± 5.6 −6.5 ± 6.5…”

Evaluation of the prevalence of waterpipe tobacco smoking and its related factors in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran

“…In agreement with previous studies (15)(16)(17)(18)(19), our results show that the waterpipe tobacco smoking rate among Iranians is increasing each year, and this could be due to the failure of Iranian tobacco control programmes in the field of waterpipe smoking. It should be noted that due to the differences in the methods and sample sizes, these studies are not fully comparable; however, the increasing trend of consumption is inferable.…”

“…‫الثاين‬ ‫العدد‬ prevalence of current water pipe smoking among women in Tehran was 6.3% in 2012 (16). Another study carried out in all provinces of the country found a prevalence of 2.7% for waterpipe smoking (17).…”