Prevalence of wind farm amplitude modulation at long-range residential locations

Hansen, Kristy L.; Nguyen, Phuc D.; Zajamšek, Branko; Catcheside, Peter; Hansen, Colin H.

doi:10.1016/j.jsv.2019.05.008

Cited by 26 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It should be noted that none of the AM rating systems so far proposed include the possible effect of basilar membrane biasing by the blade-passing tone and its harmonics [12]. Hansen et al [81] have shown that the IoA method may need to be modified in some circumstances, particularly when the amplitude modulation is of a tone below 50 Hz.…”

Section: Amplitude Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Noise in the Australian Context

Davy

Burgemeister²,

Hillman

et al. 2020

Acoust Aust

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This manuscript describes a range of technical deliberations undertaken by the authors during their work as members of the Australian Government’s Independent Scientific Committee on Wind Turbines. Central to these deliberations was the requirement upon the committee to improve understanding and monitoring of the potential impacts of sound from wind turbines (including low frequency and infrasound) on health and the environment. The paper examines existing wind turbine sound limits, possible perceptual and physiological effects of wind turbine noise, aspects of the effects of wind turbine sound on sleep health and quality of life, low-frequency noise limits, the concept of annoyance including alternative causes of it and the potential for it to be affected by low-frequency noise, the influence of amplitude modulation and tonality, sound measurement and analysis and management strategies. In so doing it provides an objective basis for harmonisation across Australia of provisions for siting and monitoring of wind turbines, which currently vary from state to state, contributing to contention and potential inequities between Australians, depending on their place of residence.

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Section: Amplitude Modulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of the Potential Impacts of Wind Turbine Noise in the Australian Context

Davy

Burgemeister²,

Hillman

et al. 2020

Acoust Aust

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“…Other current research is directed at understanding how meteorological conditions can affect the presence of AM and the AM depth (or degree of modulation) in the noise generated by a turbine. Some researchers have found a strong correlation between time of day/night and the degree of AM [41], while others have found a weak or no correlation between the degree of AM and meteorological conditions [32] and yet others have found a good correlation between the presence of AM and meteorological conditions but a poor correlation between the degree of AM and meteorological conditions (see Figure 12 in [56]). Others [57] suggest that the degree of AM may be related to the extent of unsteady in-flow conditions to the rotor.…”

Section: Effect Of Topography and Meteorological Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the potentially annoying characteristics of wind farm noise, which has been identified and which has been the subject of considerable past research, is AM [56]. AM is the regular variation of wind farm noise experienced as turbine blades rotate.…”

Section: Amplitude Modulation (Am)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this scheme has several limitations, such as only being applied to swish noise, lack of justification for the various parameter choices and lack of comprehensive validation. Thus, work continues in validating and improving various proposed models [56,103,104].…”

Section: Amplitude Modulation (Am)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There have been many previous studies on the assessment of the effect of AM on human response to wind farm noise and quite a few schemes have been suggested for calculating the size of the penalty that should be applied to the allowed noise levels in the presence of various magnitudes of AM. However, research in this area is still continuing (see [56,117,142]).…”

Section: Amplitude Modulation (Am)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances in Wind Turbine Noise Research

Hansen

2020

Acoustics

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This review is focussed on large-scale, horizontal-axis upwind turbines. Vertical-axis turbines are not considered here as they are not sufficiently efficient to be deployed in the commercial generation of electricity. Recent developments in horizontal-axis wind turbine noise research are summarised and topics that are pertinent to the problem, but are yet to be investigated, are explored and suggestions for future research are offered. The major portion of recent and current research on wind turbine noise generation, propagation and its effects on people and animals is being undertaken by groups in Europe, UK, USA, Japan, Australia and New Zealand. Considerable progress has been made in understanding wind turbine noise generation and propagation as well as the effect of wind farm noise on people, birds and animals. However, much remains to be done to answer many of the questions for which answers are still uncertain. In addition to community concerns about the effect of wind farm noise on people and how best to regulate wind farm noise and check installed wind farms for compliance, there is considerable interest from turbine manufacturers in developing quieter rotors, with the intention of allowing wind farm installations to be closer to populated areas. The purpose of this paper is to summarise recent and current wind farm noise research work and the research questions that remain to be addressed or are in the process of being addressed. Topics that are the subject of on-going research are discussed briefly and references to recent and current work are included.

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