Prevalence of youth gambling and potential influence of substance use and other risk factors throughout 33 European countries: first results from the 2015 ESPAD study

Molinaro, Sabrina; Benedetti, Elisa; Scalese, Marco; Bastiani, Luca; Fortunato, L; Cerrai, Sonia; Canale, Natale; Chomynová, Pavla; Elekes, Zsuzsanna; Feijão, Fernanda; Fotiou, Anastasios; Kokkevi, Anna; Kraus, Ludwig; Rupšienė, Liudmila; Monshouwer, Karin; Nociar, Alojz; Strizek, Julian; Lazar, Tanja Urdih

doi:10.1111/add.14275

Cited by 75 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The present results add to a growing evidence base around the associations between childhood gambling and adult disordered gambling (Delfabbro et al, 2016;Djohari et al, 2019;Molinaro et al, 2018;Orford, 2019;Pitt et al, 2017;Sharman et al, 2019;Smith et al, 2019;Wardle, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

“…Potential effects from childhood exposure to gambling is an area of concern for researchers and policy-makers around the world (Delfabbro, King, & Derevensky, 2016;Djohari, Weston, Cassidy, Wemyss, & Thomas, 2019;Molinaro et al, 2018;Orford, 2019;Pitt, Thomas, Bestman, Daube, & Derevensky, 2017;Sharman, Murphy, Turner, & Roberts, 2019;Smith, Chambers, Abbott, & Signal, 2019;Wardle, 2019). In the UK, 14% of 11-16 year olds have spent their own money on gambling in the last week, which is higher than the 13% who have drunk alcohol, and the 4% who have smoked cigarettes, in the last week (Gambling Commission, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Frequency of engagement with legal UK youth gambling products is associated with adult disordered gambling

Pws¹,

Amt²,

Sharman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The potential effects of exposing children aged under 18 to gambling is an area of concern for researchers and policy-makers around the world. The UK is rare in that it allows for a number of gambling products to be legally used by people under the age of 18. The present research is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 1,052 adult UK gamblers, aged 18 - 40. Five legal youth gambling products were considered: Category D fruit machines, the National Lottery, National Lottery scratchcards, coin push machines, and crane grab machines. Recalled rates of legal youth engagement were high, ranging from 53.7% for Category D fruit machines to 93.4% for coin push machines. Across each product, merely having used a legal youth gambling product in the past was not associated with adult disordered gambling, except for scratchcards. However, higher levels of recollected legal youth engagement with each of the five products was robustly associated with adult disordered gambling. These results are relevant to recent government proposals to increase the legal age on National Lottery scratchcards to 18, and are consistent with previous results on early exposure to gambling and subsequent gambling-related harm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency of engagement with legal UK youth gambling products is associated with adult disordered gambling

Pws¹,

Amt²,

Sharman³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Models were performed on the overall sample, modeling different countries as random effects as in Molinaro et al [24]. The multilevel model allows the inclusion of both levels (student and country) in the same analysis, avoiding bias due to correlation between students within the same country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students

Gerra

Benedetti

Resce

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background and Aims: Families who live in a disadvantaged socioeconomic situation frequently face substandard housing, unsafe neighborhoods, inadequate schools and more stress in their daily lives than more affluent families, with a host of psychological and developmental consequences that can hinder their children’s development in many ways. However, the measurement of socioeconomic status among youth and its link with different forms of illicit substance use is challenging and still unclear. This paper extends existing research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and illicit drug use among adolescents by focusing on three different patterns of use (experimental, episodic and frequent) and making use of two indicators to improve the measurement of individual socioeconomic characteristics in a big sample of European students. Methods: Data were drawn from the European school Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), which, since 1995, collects comparable data among 15-to-16-year-old students to monitor trends in drug use and other risk behaviors across Europe. The sample comes from 28 countries that participated in the 2015 data collection. The consumption of cannabis, cocaine and heroin are considered, and the related patterns are identified based on the frequency of use. Family characteristics at student level are defined through two dimensions: parental educational level and perceived socioeconomic status. Multivariate multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was performed in order to measure the association between individual characteristics and vulnerability for drug use. Results: Some patterns of use, episodic and frequent in particular, were found strongly associated with a lower socioeconomic status and lower parental education. Conclusions: Our results suggest that drug policies should be combined with actions aimed at removing barriers to social inclusion that are attributable to the socioeconomic background of adolescents.

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“…Over the past decade, gambling has increased its popularity as a recreational activity (Molinaro et al 2018 ; Orford 2010 ), particularly among individuals between 11 and 25 years of age, or, youth (Calado et al 2017 ; UNESCO 2017 ). Even though gambling is illegal for underaged youth, new gambling technologies have made different forms of gambling widespread and much easier for even the youngest individuals to access (Blinn-Pike et al 2010 ; Canale et al 2016 ; Elton-Marshall et al 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Peer Group Identification as Determinant of Youth Behavior and the Role of Perceived Social Support in Problem Gambling

et al. 2018

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Gambling opportunities have increased rapidly during recent years. Previous research shows that gambling is a popular activity among youth, which may contribute to problem gambling. This study examined how social identification with online and offline peer groups associates with youth problem gambling behavior and if perceived social support buffers this relationship. Data were gathered with an online survey with 1212 American and 1200 Finnish participants between 15 and 25 years of age. Measures included the South Oaks Gambling Screen for problem gambling, and items for peer group identification and perceived social support. It was found that youth who identify strongly with offline peer groups were less likely to engage in problem gambling, while strong identification with online peer groups had the opposite effect. We also found that the associations between social identification and problem gambling behavior were moderated by perceived social support. Online peer groups may be a determinant in youth problem gambling. Focusing on offline peer groups and increasing social support can hold significant potential in youth gambling prevention.

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Prevalence of youth gambling and potential influence of substance use and other risk factors throughout 33 European countries: first results from the 2015 ESPAD study

Cited by 75 publications

References 49 publications

Frequency of engagement with legal UK youth gambling products is associated with adult disordered gambling

Frequency of engagement with legal UK youth gambling products is associated with adult disordered gambling

Socioeconomic Status, Parental Education, School Connectedness and Individual Socio-Cultural Resources in Vulnerability for Drug Use among Students

Peer Group Identification as Determinant of Youth Behavior and the Role of Perceived Social Support in Problem Gambling

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