Prevalence, Reliability and Validity of Dissociative Disorders in an Inpatient Setting

Ross, Collin A.; Duffy, Colleen; Ellason, Joan W.

doi:10.1300/j229v03n01_02

Cited by 129 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…In a study from Zurich, Switzerland, among severely impaired psychiatric outpatients, prevalence of all dissociative disorders were 25.0% [30]. Two recent studies on inpatient and outpatient psychiatric units in North America reported higher rates than those of the previous studies [31,32].…”

Section: Prevalence In Clinical Settingsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview

Şar

2011

Epidemiology Research International

146

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General psychiatric assessment instruments do not cover DSM-IV dissociative disorders. Many large-scale epidemiological studies led to biased results due to this deficit in their methodology. Nevertheless, screening studies using diagnostic tools designed to assess dissociative disorders yielded lifetime prevalence rates around 10% in clinical populations and in the community. Special populations such as psychiatric emergency ward applicants, drug addicts, and women in prostitution demonstrated the highest rates. Data derived from epidemiological studies also support clinical findings about the relationship between childhood adverse experiences and dissociative disorders. Thus, dissociative disorders constitute a hidden and neglected public health problem. Better and early recognition of dissociative disorders would increase awareness about childhood traumata in the community and support prevention of them alongside their clinical consequences.

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Section: Prevalence In Clinical Settingsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview

Şar

2011

Epidemiology Research International

146

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“…Scientists in numerous countries have found the SCID-D effective in detecting DID (e.g., Gingrich, 2009;Mueller-Pfeiffer et al, 2013;Ross et al, 2002).…”

Section: Criterion Validity: Consistency Across Multiple Methods Of Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Dorahy

Brand

Şar

et al. 2014

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

164

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Objective: Despite its long and auspicious place in the history of psychiatry, dissociative identity disorder (DID) has been associated with controversy. This paper aims to examine the empirical data related to DID and outline the contextual challenges to its scientific investigation. Method: The overview is limited to DID-specific research in which one or more of the following conditions are met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiated from other DID: An empirical overview 2 disorders, including other Dissociative Disorders, 5) extraneous variables were controlled or 6) DID diagnosis was confirmed. Following an examination of challenges to research, data is organised around the validity and phenomenology of DID, its aetiology and epidemiology, the neurobiological and cognitive correlates of the disorder, and finally its treatment. Results: DID was found to be a complex yet valid disorder across a range of markers. It can be accurately discriminated from other disorders, especially when structured diagnostic interviews assess identity alterations and amnesia. DID is aetiologically associated with a complex combination of developmental and cultural factors, including severe childhood relational trauma. The prevalence of DID appears highest in emergency psychiatric settings and affects approximately 1% of the general population. Psychobiological studies are beginning to identify clear correlates of DID associated with diverse brain areas and cognitive functions. They are also providing an understanding of the potential metacognitive origins of amnesia. Phase-oriented empirically-guided treatments are emerging for DID. Conclusions: The empirical literature on DID is accumulating, although some areas remain under-investigated.Existing data show DID as a complex, valid, and not uncommon disorder, associated with developmental and cultural variables, that is amenable to psychotherapeutic intervention. KeywordsDissociative identity disorder, validity, phenomenology, aetiology, psychobiology, [see Taylor, 1983 ], Janet, 1907Prince, 1905). More recently DID has become the subject of considerable debate (e.g., Dalenberg et al., 2012;Gleaves, 1996;McHugh and Putnam, 1995;Merskey, 1992), especially around its validity, aetiology and prevalence. Often This overview is designed to provide a current "broad-brush" outline of the scientific foundation of DID by focusing on DID-specific research. Thus the overview excludes opinion pieces and papers without DID data and is confined to studies identified in searches of major psychological (e.g., Psycinfo) and psychiatric databases (e.g., Medline) which investigated individuals with DID where one or more of the following conditions were met: 1) a sample of participants with DID was systematically investigated, 2) psychometrically-sound measures were utilised, 3) comparisons were made with other samples, 4) DID was differentiat...

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“…Table 2 shows the results of the four studies with n > 50 that examined this question. Many more studies exist (e.g.. Gast, Rodewald, Nickel, & Emrich, 2001;Middleton & Butler, 1998;Ross, Duffy, & Ellason, 2002;Ross et al, 1991); however, most such studies did not include a comparison group .20…”

Section: IImentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.

Dalenberg

Brand

Gleaves

et al. 2012

Psychological Bulletin

521

499

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The relationship between a reported history of trauma and dissociative symptoms has been explained in 2 conflicting ways. Pathological dissociation has been conceptualized as a response to antecedent traumatic stress and/or severe psychological adversity. Others have proposed that dissociation makes individuals prone to fantasy, thereby engendering confabulated memories of trauma. We examine data related to a series of 8 contrasting predictions based on the trauma model and the fantasy model of dissociation. In keeping with the trauma model, the relationship between trauma and dissociation was consistent and moderate in strength, and remained significant when objective measures of trauma were used. Dissociation was temporally related to trauma and trauma treatment, and was predictive of trauma history when fantasy proneness was controlled. Dissociation was not reliably associated with suggestibility, nor was there evidence for the fantasy model prediction of greater inaccuracy of recovered memory. Instead, dissociation was positively related to a history of trauma memory recovery and negatively related to the more general measures of narrative cohesion. Research also supports the trauma theory of dissociation as a regulatory response to fear or other extreme emotion with measurable biological correlates. We conclude, on the basis of evidence related to these 8 predictions, that there is strong empirical support for the hypothesis that trauma causes dissociation, and that dissociation remains related to trauma history when fantasy proneness is controlled. We find little support for the hypothesis that the dissociation-trauma relationship is due to fantasy proneness or confabulated memories of trauma.

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Prevalence, Reliability and Validity of Dissociative Disorders in an Inpatient Setting

Cited by 129 publications

References 21 publications

Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview

Epidemiology of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview

Dissociative identity disorder: An empirical overview

Evaluation of the evidence for the trauma and fantasy models of dissociation.

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