Prevalence, survival and subsequent fertility of dairy and beef cows with uterine prolapse

Carluccio, Augusto; Amicis, Ippolito De; Probo, Monica; Giangaspero, Brunella; Veronesi, Maria Cristina

doi:10.1556/004.2020.00017

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is similar to the study performed by Ishii et al in Japan (61% crude survival) [13]. However, low compared earlier to studies by Carluccio (82%) [4] and Ødegaard (74%) [1]. In the current study 21% of animals were euthanised or underwent on farm emergency slaughter before treatment commenced, which is higher than the 10% reported by Ødegaard in 1977, and the 13% reported by Ishii et al [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Bovine uterine prolapse is a well-known, yet sporadically occurring postpartum condition. The incidence of the condition has been reported to be between 0.002 and 1% of calvings [1][2][3][4][5]. The proposed mechanism for its development is decreased myometrial tone combined with an open cervix -which explains why hypocalcaemia, and dystocia (which can result in myometrial fatigue), are risk factors for the condition [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Treatment and survival of Norwegian cattle after uterine prolapse

Martin,

Groseth,

Munthe-Kaas

et al. 2023

Acta Vet Scand

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Background Bovine uterine prolapse is a sporadic but life-threatening postpartum condition. The aims of this study were; (i) to determine which clinical findings determined the likelihood of treatment vs. culling, (ii) to identify the treatment methods currently employed by Norwegian veterinary surgeons and evaluate their effect on survival, (iii) to determine if clinical findings at the time of treatment could be used to determine prognosis. Practicing veterinary surgeons in Norway were contacted and asked to fill out a questionnaire on cases of bovine uterine prolapse they attended between February and October 2012. The questionnaires gathered data on signalment, clinical presentation, treatment, and outcome. These data were supplemented with culling data from the Norwegian Dairy and Beef Herd Recording Systems. The chi-squared test and logistic regression modelling was performed to identify likelihood of treatment and cox proportional hazard modelling was performed to identify the hazard of death after treatment. Results Data from 126 cases of bovine uterine prolapse were collected (78 beef and 48 dairy cows). Twenty-six cows (21%) were emergency slaughtered, or underwent euthanasia, without treatment. Of the remaining 100 cases amputation of the uterus was performed once and repositioning was performed in 99 cases. Survival data were missing from 2 of the cases that had undergone treatment leaving a study sample of 97 cases (64 beef and 33 dairy cows). Multivariable logistic regression analysis of the explanatory variables showed that beef cows were more likely to be treated than dairy cows (OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.81, P = 0.017) and that cows with a significantly oedematous or traumatised uterus were less likely to be treated (OR = 0.26, 95% CI 0.10 to 0.67, P = 0.006). Treatment methods amongst Norwegian practitioners were broadly similar. In a multivariable model cows general clinical state at time of treatment was positively correlated with survival (HR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.73, P = 0.008) and a history of a vaginal prolapse prepartum increased the hazard of death (HR = 2.31, 95% CI 1.08 to 4.95, P = 0.031) in the first 30 days after treatment of a uterine prolapse. In the first 180 days after treatment only veterinary assessment of a cows’ general clinical state was correlated with hazard of death (HR = 0.432, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91, P = 0.046). Conclusions This study shows that the production system and extent of uterine damage affect the likelihood of treatment, and that practitioners use similar treatment methods. A cows’ general clinical state at time of treatment was positively correlated with survival, and a history of a vaginal prolapse prepartum increased the hazard of death in the first 30 days after treatment of a uterine prolapse.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment and survival of Norwegian cattle after uterine prolapse

Martin,

Groseth,

Munthe-Kaas

et al. 2023

Acta Vet Scand

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“…The increase in incidence is persistent, even though there have been substantial reproductive improvements in the swine industry. In contrast, the incidence of POP has been relatively low in other livestock species, ranging from under 1% for cattle ( Jackson et al, 2014 ) to between 1% and 6% for sheep ( Carluccio et al, 2020 ). Depending on the severity of the prolapse, the opportunities for treatment of prolapse are limited and, therefore, prolapse typically leads to removal of the sow.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the genetic basis of sow pelvic organ prolapse

et al. 2023

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Introduction: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is one contributor to recent increases in sow mortality that have been observed in some populations and environments, leading to financial losses and welfare concerns.Methods: With inconsistent previous reports, the objective here was to investigate the role of genetics on susceptibility to POP, using data on 30,429 purebred sows, of which 14,186 were genotyped (25K), collected from 2012 to 2022 in two US multiplier farms with a high POP incidence of 7.1% among culled and dead sows and ranging from 2% to 4% of all sows present by parity. Given the low incidence of POP for parities 1 and >6, only data from parities 2 to 6 were retained for analyses. Genetic analyses were conducted both across parities, using cull data (culled for POP versus another reason), and by parity, using farrowing data. (culled for POP versus culled for another reason or not culled).Results and Discussion: Estimates of heritability from univariate logit models on the underlying scale were 0.35 ± 0.02 for the across-parity analysis and ranged from 0.41 ± 0.03 in parity 2 to 0.15 ± 0.07 in parity 6 for the by-parity analyses. Estimates of genetic correlations of POP between parities based on bivariate linear models indicated a similar genetic basis of POP across parities but less similar with increasing distance between parities. Genome wide association analyses revealed six 1 Mb windows that explained more than 1% of the genetic variance in the across-parity data. Most regions were confirmed in several by-parity analyses. Functional analyses of the identified genomic regions showed a potential role of several genes on chromosomes 1, 3, 7, 10, 12, and 14 in susceptibility to POP, including the Estrogen Receptor gene. Gene set enrichment analyses showed that genomic regions that explained more variation for POP were enriched for several terms from custom transcriptome and gene ontology libraries.Conclusion: The influence of genetics on susceptibility to POP in this population and environment was confirmed and several candidate genes and biological processes were identified that can be targeted to better understand and mitigate the incidence of POP.

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“…Of all causes of sow mortality, 21% is due to POP, although the biological explanation remains unknown. This is considerably higher than other livestock species, such as the bovine, which experiences less than 1% (Carluccio et al, 2020). Critical for the development of mitigation strategies is the better understanding of the biological events that precede POP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The POP rate in humans is extremely variable and is thought to be 3-6% or potentially even higher (Barber and Maher, 2013). It is estimated that approximately 1% of cattle experience POP (Couri et al, 2012;Carluccio et al, 2020). For the swine industry, it has been observed that the average annualized POP rate is approximately 2.7% in the U.S., and in some cases can reach 10.3% .…”

Section: Physiology Of Pelvic Organ Prolapsementioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding biological factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse in late gestation sows

Kiefer¹

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Sow mortality attributable to pelvic organ prolapse (POP) has increased in the U.S. swine industry and continues to worsen. Two main objectives of this study were, 1) to develop a perineal scoring system that can be correlated with POP risk, and 2) identify POP risk-associated biological factors. To assess POP risk during late gestation, sows (n = 213) were scored using a newly developed perineal scoring (PS) system. Sows scored as PS1 (low), PS2 (moderate), or PS3 (high) based on POP risk. Subsequently, 1.5, 0.8, and 23.1% of sows scored PS1, PS2, or PS3, respectively, experienced POP. To identify biomarkers, serum and vaginal swabs were 34 collected from late gestation sows differing in PS. Using GC-MS, 82 serum metabolite differences between PS1 and PS3 animals (P < 0.05) were identified. Vaginal swabs were utilized for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and differences in vaginal microbiomes between PS1 and PS3 animals were detected on a community level (P < 0.01) along with differences in abundances of 89 operational taxonomic units (P < 0.05). Collectively, these data demonstrate that sows with greater POP risk have differential serum metabolites and vaginal microflora.Additionally, an initial and novel characterization of the sow vaginal microbiome was determined.

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Prevalence, survival and subsequent fertility of dairy and beef cows with uterine prolapse

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Treatment and survival of Norwegian cattle after uterine prolapse

Treatment and survival of Norwegian cattle after uterine prolapse

Identification of the genetic basis of sow pelvic organ prolapse

Understanding biological factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse in late gestation sows

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