Prevalence, symptom profile, and aetiology of depression in dementia sufferers

Ballard, Clive; Cassidy, Géraldine; Bannister, Carol; Mohan, R. N. C.

doi:10.1016/0165-0327(93)90111-v

Cited by 53 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Although depression has been reported to be more prevalent, severer and more vegetative in VaD than in AD in several studies [4,[15][16][17][18] , it was not replicated in other studies [19][20][21][22] . Furthermore, dementia severity and gender were not considered in these studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…In our sample, those were 2.20 (95% CI = 1.02-4.74), which is lower than most of those reported previously [4,6,34,36] . Furthermore, the overrepresentation of MDD in VaD has not been consistently replicated [19][20][21][22] . Along with the different diagnostic criteria used, different populations sampled and the different instruments applied, the differences in the severity of dementia and gender within and between the VaD and AD groups might have contributed to the wide variability in reported OR [4,6,34,36,37] and conflicting results [19][20][21][22] , at least in part.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Depression in Vascular Dementia Is Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different from Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Park¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: To compare the prevalence and characteristics of depression in vascular dementia (VaD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) after adjusting for dementia severity and gender. Methods: One hundred and eight pairs of VaD and AD patients matched for dementia severity and gender were assessed. Results: Major depressive disorder (MDD) was more prevalent in the VaD group than in the AD group (20.4% in VaD, 10.2% in AD, p = 0.04, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel, CMH, test) regardless of the dementia severity and gender. The odds ratio for developing MDD in the VaD group versus the AD group was estimated to be 2.20 (95% confidence interval = 1.02–4.74). Neurovegetative symptoms such as ‘felt tired and weak all the time’ (30.6% in VaD, 13.9% in AD, p = 0.003, CMH test) and ‘changed weight without trying’ (16.7% in VaD, 6.5% in AD, p = 0.02, CMH test) were more prevalent in the VaD group than in the AD group. Conclusion: Depression in VaD was quantitatively and qualitatively different from that in AD regardless of the severity of dementia and gender; depression was more prevalent, severer and more retarded and vegetative in VaD than in AD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depression in Vascular Dementia Is Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different from Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Park¹,

Lee²,

Lee³

et al. 2006

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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show abstract

“…In most cases, depression is not likely to be a psychological reaction to the knowledge of having AD or the associated disability. While Migliorelli et al [1995] reported that dysthymia may be an emotional reaction to the progressive cognitive decline, most studies showed no association between insight into having AD and risk of depression [Verhey et al, 1993;Ballard et al, 1993;Cummings et al, 1995;Ott et al, 1996;Arkin and Mahendra, 2001]. Thus, depression in most patients with AD is not necessarily 'reactive' to the knowledge of having the disease or its associated disability.…”

Section: Etiopathogenesis and Genetics Of Depression In Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Lyketsos

Lee

2003

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

124

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Over 80% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) develop ‘noncognitive’ neuropsychiatric symptoms at some point during the course of their illness. Depression is among the most frequent of such comorbidities. Affecting up to 50% of AD patients, depression is associated with severe negative consequences for patients and caregivers. Despite having a presentation in the context of AD that differs from typical ‘geriatric’ depression, it can be detected and quantified reliably, and can be differentiated from the other neuropsychiatric symptoms of AD. Several effective treatment modalities for depression in AD are available. In many cases, these reduce its adverse impact on patients and caregivers. This paper provides an overview of current knowledge regarding depression in AD for the clinician. It is followed by a practical discussion of the detection, evaluation, quantification, differential diagnosis and treatment of depression in AD.

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“…This study also provides confirming evidence that patients with depression underestimate their memory abilities while those with cognitive impairment tend to overestimate their abilities. A previous study reported that the symptom profiles of patients with minimal and mild dementia were significantly correlated and both were similar to the profiles of elderly with depression [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Cognitive impairment often coexists with depression, and depression has been found in patients with and without anosognosia [27][28][29]. Until recently these coexisting conditions were labeled pseudo dementia; however, current investigations are directed at determining whether depression is a prodromal state of dementia or whether individuals with depression are more vulnerable to dementia [30][31][32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Memory Awareness in Nursing Home Residents

McDougall

1998

Gerontology

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Background: Health care providers often believe that individuals with cognitive disturbance are unaware of their deficits. The term unawareness was first used to describe hemiplegia following right hemisphere stroke but has since been applied to unawareness of any neurological or neuropsychological deficit. Clinicians usually rely on their subjective observations to evaluate the patient’s awareness of deficits, and few investigators have systematically evaluated this important clinical phenomenon. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare cognition, depression, health, and metamemory (capacity, change, locus, and strategy) in four groups of nursing home residents: the cognitively impaired (29%), depressed (18%), mixed with both cognitive impairment and depression (32%), and controls (21%). Methods: Subjects were 106 residents of six nursing homes between the ages of 79 and 87 with a mean age of 84.18 (SD = 10.01) years, and an average of six comorbid medical conditions. Cognitive function was measured with the Mini Mental State (MMSE); depression with the Geriatric Depression, and metamemory with the Metamemory in Adulthood scales. Anyone scoring <15 on the MMSE was excluded. Subjects included 31 with cognitive impairment, 19 depressed, 34 mixed, and 22 controls. Results: In this sample, 61% were cognitively impaired; however, only 12 had a diagnosis in their records indicating cognitive disturbance. Forty-three percent were depressed. The correlations between depression and capacity (r = –0.38), change (r = –0.50), and locus (r = –0.25) were significant. The controls were significantly younger than the cognitively impaired group. The controls also had higher perceived health status scores than either the cognitively impaired or the depressed group. However, the mixed group’s perceived health status scores were significantly higher than the depressed group’s scores. Conclusion: The metamemory components of capacity and change were able to differentiate the cognitively impaired from the mixed group. Information on the etiology of cognitive impairment was not available since residents’ charts in the six nursing homes provided inadequate documentation and incomplete diagnostic histories. Therefore, quantitative methods for examining memory awareness and the affective state of elderly patients is important for clinicians in order to make informed treatment decisions.

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Prevalence, symptom profile, and aetiology of depression in dementia sufferers

Cited by 53 publications

References 19 publications

Depression in Vascular Dementia Is Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different from Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Depression in Vascular Dementia Is Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different from Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease

Memory Awareness in Nursing Home Residents

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