Prevalence, toxin gene profile, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Korea

Chon, Jung‐Whan; Seo, Kun‐Ho; Bae, Dongryeoul; Park, Ji-Hee; Khan, Saeed; Sung, Kidon

doi:10.4142/jvs.2018.19.3.368

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both C. perfringens enterotoxin and cpe are more commonly detected in dogs with diarrhea than in non‐diarrheic dogs . Similarly, the cpb2 gene recently was identified in a larger number of C. perfringens isolates from diarrheic dogs as compared to non‐diarrheic dogs . Additional C. perfringens genes and associated toxins also seem to be involved in specific forms of disease such as acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although C. perfringens and its toxins often are associated with acute diarrhea, it is still unclear if this bacteria is a cause or consequence of the intestinal disease . We did not evaluate C. perfringens in a healthy population of dogs, but previous studies have shown that isolation rates are similar in diarrheic and non‐diarrheic dogs, and the C. perfringens toxins associated with diarrhea also can be identified in healthy, non‐diarrheic dogs . Further complicating matters, the presence of toxin‐encoding genes does not always correlate to the presence of actual toxins .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Langlois

Koenigshof

Mani

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Metronidazole is commonly administered to dogs with acute diarrhea, but there is limited evidence to support this practice.Objective: To investigate the effects of metronidazole administration on dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea.Animals: Thirty-one dogs, including 14 test population dogs and 17 controls.Methods: Randomized controlled clinical trial. Dogs with acute diarrhea in which causation was not determined by routine fecal diagnostic testing were randomly assigned to metronidazole treatment (10-15 mg/kg PO q12h for 7 days) or placebo.Fecal cultures and characterization of Clostridium perfringens isolates also were performed. Owners maintained medication and fecal scoring logs, and fecal diagnostic tests were repeated on day 7.Results: The mean ± SD time to resolution of diarrhea for test population dogs (2.1 ± 1.6 days) was less than that for controls (3.6 ± 2.1 days, P = .04). Potential relationships of C. perfringens with acute diarrhea pathogenesis were not investigated, but only 3 of 13 (23.1%) test population dogs had persistent C. perfringens carriage at day 7, which was less than the 11 of 14 (78.6%) controls with persistent growth (P = .007).Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Our results suggest that metronidazole treatment can shorten duration of diarrhea and decrease fecal culture detection of C. perfringens in some dogs with acute nonspecific diarrhea. Additional studies are needed to assess the benefits and risks of routine use of metronidazole for this purpose because most dogs achieve resolution of diarrhea within several days regardless of treatment.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Langlois

Koenigshof

Mani

2019

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Clostridium perfringens is also a pathogenic bacterium that may come from contaminated food and causes gastrointestinal infections mediated by toxins release. Resistance of C. perfringens was developed to antibiotics that are used in farms such as streptomycin, lincomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, with lower resistance percentage to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and rifampicin [54,55].…”

Section: Other Resistant Gram-positive Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Overcoming Approaches

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The discovery of antibiotics has created a turning point in medical interventions to pathogenic infections, but unfortunately, each discovery was consistently followed by the emergence of resistance. The rise of multidrug-resistant bacteria has generated a great challenge to treat infections caused by bacteria with the available antibiotics. Today, research is active in finding new treatments for multidrug-resistant pathogens. In a step to guide the efforts, the WHO has published a list of the most dangerous bacteria that are resistant to current treatments and requires the development of new antibiotics for combating the resistance. Among the list are various Gram-positive bacteria that are responsible for serious healthcare and community-associated infections. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae are of particular concern. The resistance of bacteria is an evolving phenomenon that arises from genetic mutations and/or acquired genomes. Thus, antimicrobial resistance demands continuous efforts to create strategies to combat this problem and optimize the use of antibiotics. This article aims to provide a review of the most critical resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, their mechanisms of resistance, and the new treatments and approaches reported to circumvent this problem.

show abstract

“…The CP isolates were maintained in BHI broth with 20% glycerol and stored at −70°C until use. Isolates were grown in the Whitley DG250 Anaerobic Workstation (Don Whitley Scientific Ltd., Shipley, UK) at 37°C with a gas mixture of 90% N 2 , 5% H 2 , and 5% CO 2 as previously described ( Chon et al., 2018 ). CP KJW-1 ( CJ17 ) among the 45 clinical isolates ( Supplementary Table 1 ) was selected as a challenge strain, and a small-scale pilot study confirmed its pathogenicity for inducing NE in broilers (data not shown).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium perfringens strains, including CJ17 used for CP challenge, were recovered ( Chon et al., 2018 ) and counted using the culture-based method. On day 17 and 18, ∼3 cm to ∼5 cm of ileal and cecal tissues from 6 chicks of each group were collected, stored on ice, and moved to the laboratory within 4 h after collecting samples.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High necrotic enteritis ( NE ) incidence and mortality rates in poultry can be caused by Clostridium perfringens ( CP ) coinfected with Eimeria spp., a causative agent of coccidiosis. Banning of prophylactic use of antibiotics in feed has been accompanied by increased NE outbreaks, resulting in economically devastating losses to the broiler industry. To determine alternatives for controlling NE, we isolated CP-specific bacteriophages (BP), characterized their properties, evaluated their inhibitory effects on pathogenic CP, selected a highly effective phage (φCJ22), and used φCJ22 as a dietary supplement in experimental NE-afflicted broiler chickens. Male broilers ( n = 780) were randomly assigned to 60 pens ( n = 13 broilers/pen) and into 5 groups [CP-uninfected negative control ( NC ), basal diet ( BD ) without CP and BP; CP-infected positive control ( PC ), BD + CP; and 3 BP groups receiving low- ( LP ; BD + CP+10 5 BP), medium- ( MP ; BD + CP+10 6 BP), and high-phage ( HP ; BD + CP+10 7 BP plaque-forming units/kg) concentrations]. The results showed that MP and HP groups presented an antimicrobial activity toward clinical CP isolate strains, and the groups decreased NE lesions and mortality rates without changes in chicken performance at the end of the experimental period. After CP-challenge body weight gain and feed efficiency were significantly lower in phage-fed groups than that in the PC group ( P < 0.05), and NE-associated mortality was the lowest in the HP group ( P < 0.001). Moreover, histopathology revealed lesser gastrointestinal mucosal damage in the NC and BP-treated (LP, MP, and HP) groups than that in the PC group, and MP and HP significantly lowered viable CP number in the cecum content by up to 1.24log10 relative to only CP-infected PC group ( P < 0.05). These findings suggest that addition of φCJ22 to chicken feed might effectively ameliorate NE, which is accompanied by reduced CP strains in the gut and compensate the performance of NE-afflicted broilers.

show abstract

Prevalence, toxin gene profile, antibiotic resistance, and molecular characterization ofClostridium perfringensfrom diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Korea

Cited by 16 publications

References 35 publications

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Metronidazole treatment of acute diarrhea in dogs: A randomized double blinded placebo‐controlled clinical trial

Resistance of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Current Antibacterial Agents and Overcoming Approaches

Characterization of a novel bacteriophage φCJ22 and its prophylactic and inhibitory effects on necrotic enteritis and Clostridium perfringens in broilers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About