Prevalence, transmission and mortality associated with <i>Nosema fumiferanae</i> infections in field populations of spruce budworm <i>Choristoneura fumiferana</i>

Eveleigh, Eldon S.; Lucarotti, Christopher J.; McCarthy, Peter C.; Morin, Benoit

doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00580.x

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As Microsporidia are commonly transmitted horizontally through feeding on infected plant material, winter moth in this location were likely exposed to both microsporidian spores but remained uninfected (Becnel and Andreadis ; Dunn and Smith ; Eveleigh et al. ). This suggests that winter moth is not able to contract either Microsporidia from Bruce spanworm.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Using the SSU, ITS, and Ribosomal DNA Operon Arrangement to Characterize Two Microsporidia Infecting Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Donahue

Broadley

Elkinton

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Research pertaining to the two closely-related microsporidian genera Nosema and Vairimorpha is hindered by inconsistencies in species differentiation within and between the two clades. One proposal to better delimit these genera is to restructure the Nosema around a "True Nosema" clade, consisting of species that share a characteristic reversed ribosomal DNA operon arrangement and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA sequences similar to that of the Nosema type species, N. bombycis. Using this framework, we assess two distinct microsporidia recovered from the forest insect Bruce spanworm (Operophtera bruceata) by sequencing their SSU and internal transcribed spacer regions. Phylogenetic analyses place one of our isolates within the proposed True Nosema clade close to N. furnacalis and place the other in the broader Nosema/Vairimorpha clade close to N. thomsoni. We found that 25% of Bruce spanworm cadavers collected over the four-year study period were infected with microsporidia, but no infections were detected in cadavers of the Bruce spanworm's invasive congener, the winter moth (O. brumata), collected over the same period. We comment on these findings as they relate to the population dynamics of the Bruce spanworm-winter moth system in this region, and more broadly, on the value of ribosomal DNA operon arrangement in Nosema systematics.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Using the SSU, ITS, and Ribosomal DNA Operon Arrangement to Characterize Two Microsporidia Infecting Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Donahue

Broadley

Elkinton

et al. 2018

J Eukaryotic Microbiology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…, Eveleigh et al. ). Infection by the pathogen is known to occur in two different ways: female‐to‐offspring (transovarial or vertical) transmission and the ingestion of spores in the external environment by feeding (peroral or horizontal transmission).…”

Section: Part Ii: Evaluation and Analysis Of Mortality Factors In Posmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Daily inspections were maintained until 1985 but, from then on, weekends had to be curtailed for budgetary reasons. For other aspects of rearing, see Lucarotti et al (2004) and Eveleigh et al (2012).…”

Section: Laboratory Rearingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Miscellaneous notes on pathogens.-It is known that infection by microsporidians tends to reduce the fecundity of the host females and the survival of the overwintering larvae (Bauer andNordin 1989, R egni ere andNealis 2008). However, the pathogen is generally known to be low in virulence , Eveleigh et al 2012. Infection by the pathogen is known to occur in two different ways: female-to-offspring (transovarial or vertical) transmission and the ingestion of spores in the external environment by feeding (peroral or horizontal transmission).…”

Section: Analysis Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanisms underlying spruce budworm outbreak processes as elucidated by a 14‐year study in New Brunswick, Canada

Royama

Eveleigh

Morin

et al. 2017

Ecological Monographs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We conducted a 14‐yr intensive study of spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) survivorship at three study plots in largely balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) stands in New Brunswick, Canada, to elucidate certain key mechanisms underlying spruce budworm outbreak cycles. The study covered a peak‐to‐declining phase (from 1981 and 1994) of the budworm outbreak cycle that had started in the early 1960s. Frequent sampling was carried out in each plot‐year to construct a practically continuous survivorship curve, and the annual variation in population density was estimated. We found a high level of correlation between the studied phase of the outbreak cycle and annual variations in the survivorship over the postdiapause period, suggesting that postdiapause survivorship was the chief determinant of the cycle. We found the annual changes in population density in the present study to be closely similar in pattern to those from the provincial budworm surveys conducted in much larger areas. This implies that the mechanism underlying the population process found in the few study plots in largely balsam fir stands also applies to the process in much larger areas of diverse stand types. The main source of postdiapause mortality is found to be natural enemies. The impacts of parasitoids and disease are evaluated by rearing budworm samples in the laboratory. Hymenopteran and dipteran parasitoids are by far the major sources of mortality, and microsporidians are the most prevalent pathogen. Occurrences of other entomopathogenic fungi and viruses were insignificant throughout the study. Seasonal changes in laboratory survivorship are compared with the corresponding field survivorship to estimate the effect of predation. No major mortality factor is found to singly play a predominant role in determining the outbreak cycle. Conversely, some minor factors are shown to have played significant roles. Thus, the importance of recognizing the action of natural enemies as a complex is emphasized for understanding the budworm outbreak cycle. Finally, centered on the roles played by the chronological succession of natural enemies in the present study, the results of budworm research in New Brunswick since the mid‐1940s are synthesized to outline basic mechanisms underlying the outbreak processes as a guide for further studies.

show abstract

“…Extensive defoliating outbreaks of this moth occur in 35-40 year cycles (Royama 1984;Boulanger & Arseneault 2004), in which N. fumiferanae and other entomopathogens and parasites increase and decrease with host density and can dampen the outbreaks (Eveleigh et al 2007). In the extended periods between budworm outbreaks, N. fumiferanae maintains infection across seasonal generations via transovarial transmission (Eveleigh et al 2012).…”

Section: Gypsy Moth: Nosema Lymantriae and Vairimorpha Disparismentioning

confidence: 99%

Microsporidia Biological Control Agents and Pathogens of Beneficial Insects

Bjørnson

2014

Microsporidia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Prevalence, transmission and mortality associated with Nosema fumiferanae infections in field populations of spruce budworm Choristoneura fumiferana

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Using the SSU, ITS, and Ribosomal DNA Operon Arrangement to Characterize Two Microsporidia Infecting Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Using the SSU, ITS, and Ribosomal DNA Operon Arrangement to Characterize Two Microsporidia Infecting Bruce Spanworm, Operophtera bruceata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Mechanisms underlying spruce budworm outbreak processes as elucidated by a 14‐year study in New Brunswick, Canada

Microsporidia Biological Control Agents and Pathogens of Beneficial Insects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About