Prevalence trends and risk factors associated with HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women in Southwest China, 2009–2018

Zhong, Shanmei; Ou, Yanyun; Zhang, Fei; Lin, Zhaosen; Huang, Rongye; Nong, Aidan; Wu, Zhenxian; Liang, Hai‐Wei; Qin, Cai; Wei, Qiuyu; Yang, Yuan; Yu, Dee; Tang, Xin-Yuan; Li, Ye; Liu, Deping; Liang, Hao; Liang, Bingyu

doi:10.1186/s12981-022-00450-7

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In areas with high HIV prevalence, maternal HIV screening helps to identify HIV-infected PW at an early stage and provides timely drug interventions to interrupt mother-to-child transmission,34 which has a positive effect on reducing vertical transmission 35 36. Urine reagent strips showed satisfactory ROC curves in maternal HIV-1 antibody screening, but there were two false-positive tests out of 1000 tests.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance evaluation of urine HIV-1 antibody rapid test kits in a real-life routine care setting in China

Lu,

Chen,

Liang

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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ObjectivesTo evaluate the diagnostic performance of urine HIV antibody rapid test kits in screening diverse populations and to analyse subjects’ willingness regarding reagent types, purchase channels, acceptable prices, and self-testing.DesignsDiagnostic accuracy studiesParticipantsA total of 2606 valid and eligible samples were collected in the study, including 202 samples from female sex workers (FSWs), 304 persons with injection drug use (IDU), 1000 pregnant women (PW), 100 subjects undergoing voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT) and 1000 students in higher education schools or colleges (STUs). Subjects should simultaneously meet the following inclusion criteria: (1) being at least 18 years old and in full civil capacity, (2) signing an informed consent form and (3) providing truthful identifying information to ensure that the subjects and their samples are unique.ResultsThe sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve (AUC) of the urine HIV-1 antibody rapid test kits were 92.16%, 99.92% and 0.960 (95% CI: 0.952 to 0.968, p<0.001), respectively, among 2606 samples collected during on-site screenings. The kits showed good diagnostic performance in persons with IDU (AUC, 1.000; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.000, p<0.001), PW (AUC, 0.999; 95% CI, 0.999 to 1.000, p<0.001) and FSWs (AUC, 1.000; 95% CI, 1.000 to 1.000, p<0.001). The AUC of the urine reagent kits in subjects undergoing VCT was 0.941 (95% CI: 0.876 to 0.978, p<0.001). The ‘acceptable price’ had the greatest influence on STUs (Pi=1.000) and PW (Pi=1.000), the ‘purchase channel’ had the greatest influence on subjects undergoing VCT (Pi=1.000) and persons with IDU (Pi=1.000) and the ‘reagent types’ had the greatest influence on FSWs (Pi=1.000).ConclusionsThe rapid urine test kits showed good diagnostic validity in practical applications, despite a few cases involving misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic performance evaluation of urine HIV-1 antibody rapid test kits in a real-life routine care setting in China

Lu,

Chen,

Liang

et al. 2024

BMJ Open

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“…A study showed that 500,000 pregnant women from Shenzhen (China) underwent syphilis screening and that the mother-to-child transmission rate of syphilis decreased significantly from 54/100,000 to 22/100,000 (27). Another study in China analyzed 23,879 pregnant women from 2009 to 2018 and found that the prevalence of syphilis among pregnant women decreased from 1.5 to 0.3% after the implementation of prenatal screening (28). The above two studies indicate that regular prenatal syphilis screening can greatly reduce the incidence of congenital syphilis.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Missed opportunities for screening congenital syphilis early during pregnancy: A case report and brief literature review

Peng

Gao

Cui

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Congenital syphilis is a significant public health problem. Pregnant women infected with Treponema pallidum present with various clinical manifestations, mainly including skin or visceral manifestations. The extensive clinical manifestations of T. pallidum infection mimic those of many other diseases during pregnancy, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and serious consequences. We report a case of fetal T. pallidum infection and premature delivery in a woman whose syphilis screening was negative at 16 weeks of gestation. Despite presenting to the dermatologist at 24 weeks of gestation with maculopapular rash which is usually associated with secondary syphilis, the diagnosis of syphilis was not considered. This case shows that even if early syphilis screening of pregnant women is negative, they may still get infected with T. pallidum later on in pregnancy. Therefore, in patients presenting with a rash without an obvious cause, T. pallidum infection should be excluded. The health status of patients' spouses should be assessed during pregnancy. Additionally, perinatal health education is necessary for women and their spouses during pregnancy. The abovementioned factors could reduce the probability of T. pallidum infection in pregnant women and their infants.

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“…Moreover, the majority of women in Tibet rarely visit hospitals voluntarily, except in emergencies, and they are uninclined to pay for, even affordable, screening programs. Therefore, government-financed HPV primary screening programs for all the population at right ages ( 16 ) may be the best choice for women in Tibet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cervical cancer screening in high-altitude areas in China: A large cross-section study of 25,173 women in northern Tibet

Wang

Long

et al. 2022

Front. Oncol.

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BackgroundCervical cancer has become a worldwide concern owing to its high incidence and mortality rates. To date, high-altitude areas of Tibet have not benefited from any large-scale cervical cancer screening programs. Therefore, we initiated a screening program to investigate the prevalence of human papilloma virus (HPV) and HPV genotype distribution to reveal cervical cancer and its precursor which lead to morbidity among women in the city of Nagqu in northern Tib3et.MethodsA total of 25,173 women were recruited to undergo HPV genotype tests between June and December 2019. Women infected with HPV 16 and/or 18 underwent colposcopy and histological examination. Women with other high-risk HPV type (hr-HPV) underwent cytological tests to determine whether to conduct further colposcopy and histological examination for diagnosis. HPV prevalence was calculated in the total population and further stratified according to various parameters, such as age group, area location (altitude level), and single or mixed infection status. The HPV genotype distribution was also investigated accordingly. Cervical lesions revealed by further colposcopic findings were also analyzed; high-grade and malignant lesion morbidities were calculated in total and in each county. Most data were collected and analyzed using descriptive and consistency check statistical methods, and a risk factor investigation for HPV infection was performed using logistic regression models.ResultsThe total HPV infection rate among women in Nagqu was 13.42%. Of the 25,173 women in the study, 999 (3.97%) were HPV 16/18 positive, 2,379 (9.45%) were other hr-HPV-positive, and 21,795 (86.58%) were HPV-negative. The five most common HPV genotypes, accounting for more than 60% of all HPV infections in Nagqu people, were HPV 16, 58, 31, 18, and 52. Tibetan women younger than 20 years and older than 60 years were the two age groups with the highest rates of HPV infection, 26.7% and 19.8%, respectively. Among the HPV-positive women, 2,656 (78.33%) were infected with a single strain and 732 (21.67%) were infected with multiple strains (more than two genotypes). HPV prevalence increased in high-altitude areas (positive rate highest in Nyima with an altitude of 5,000 m, 23.9%) and decreased in relatively low-altitude areas (positive rate lowest in Lhari with an altitude of 4,000 m, 6.6%). Multiple analyses showed that age, parity, age at first delivery, and altitude of residence were independent factors facilitating HPV infection in Tibetan women. High-grade and malignant cervical lesions revealed by histological findings were different among living locations, with the highest rates in Xainza, Baingoin, and Nyainrong, these being 2.019%, 1.820%, and 1.116%, respectively, among women in these areas.ConclusionOur survey provides an overall perspective on HPV genotype infection and cervical lesions in women in northern Tibet. The data not only provide useful information for the treatment of cervical lesions but also has great value in terms of the primary and secondary prevention measures that can be taken for women living in these regions.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.chictr.org.cn, indentifier ChiCTR2000035061.

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Prevalence trends and risk factors associated with HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis C virus among pregnant women in Southwest China, 2009–2018

Cited by 5 publications

References 36 publications

Diagnostic performance evaluation of urine HIV-1 antibody rapid test kits in a real-life routine care setting in China

Diagnostic performance evaluation of urine HIV-1 antibody rapid test kits in a real-life routine care setting in China

Missed opportunities for screening congenital syphilis early during pregnancy: A case report and brief literature review

Cervical cancer screening in high-altitude areas in China: A large cross-section study of 25,173 women in northern Tibet

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