Prevalence, typing and phylogenetic analysis of Melissococcus plutonius strains from bee colonies of the State of Chihuahua, Mexico

León-Door, Adrián Ponce de; Romo-Chacón, Alejandro; Rios-Velasco, Claudio; Zamudio‐Flores, Paul Baruk; Ornelas‐Paz, José de Jesús; Acosta-Muñíz, Carlos H.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2018.10.006

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Isolation of M. plutonius CC3 strains from diseased honey bee larvae is sometimes difficult. In the State of Chihuahua, Mexico, although M. plutonius of CC3 or CC13 was detected from many larval samples by PCR, CC3 and CC13 strains were not isolated from most of the PCR-positive samples (de León-Door et al, 2018). Control of the physiological state of CC3 strains by spxA1a may make isolation of the strains using artificial media difficult.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulator SpxA1a controls the resistance of the honey bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius to the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly

Takamatsu

Okumura

Tabata

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Royal jelly (RJ), a brood food of honey bees, has strong antimicrobial activity. Melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of European foulbrood of honey bees, exhibits resistance to this antimicrobial activity and infects larvae orally. Among three genetically distinct groups (CC3, CC12 and CC13) of M. plutonius, CC3 strains exhibit the strongest RJ resistance. In this study, to identify genes involved in RJ resistance, we generated an RJ‐susceptible derivative from a highly RJ‐resistant CC3 strain by UV mutagenesis. Genome sequence analysis of the derivative revealed the presence of a frameshift mutation in the putative regulator gene spxA1a. The deletion of spxA1a from a CC3 strain resulted in increased susceptibility to RJ and its antimicrobial component 10‐hydroxy‐2‐decenoic acid. Moreover, the mutant became susceptible to low‐pH and oxidative stress, which may be encountered in brood foods. Differentially expressed gene analysis using wild‐type and spxA1a mutants revealed that 45 protein‐coding genes were commonly upregulated in spxA1a‐positive strains. Many upregulated genes were located in a prophage region, and some highly upregulated genes were annotated as universal/general stress proteins, oxidoreductase/reductase, chaperons and superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that SpxA1a is a key regulator to control the tolerance status of M. plutonius against stress in honey bee colonies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptional regulator SpxA1a controls the resistance of the honey bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius to the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly

Takamatsu

Okumura

Tabata

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Although this bacterium had been thought to be markedly homologous for many years, Arai et al (2012) recently found the presence of nonfastidious M. plutonius strains (atypical strains), which are phenotypically and genetically distinguished from fastidious M. plutonius strains (typical strains). By the multilocus sequence typing scheme developed by Haynes et al (2013), M. plutonius strains were grouped into three clonal complexes (CC3, CC12 and CC13) (Haynes et al, 2013;Budge et al, 2014;Takamatsu et al, 2014;de León-Door et al, 2018) (https://pubmlst. org/mplutonius/).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different impacts of pMP19 on the virulence of Melissococcus plutonius strains with different genetic backgrounds

Nakamura¹,

Okumura

Harada³

et al. 2020

Environmental Microbiology

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Summary Virulence factors responsible for bacterial pathogenicity are often encoded by plasmids. In Melissococcus plutonius, the causative agent of European foulbrood of honey bees, a putative virulence plasmid (pMP19) possessing mtxA, which encodes a putative insecticidal toxin, was found by comparative genome analyses. However, as the role of pMP19 in the pathogenesis of European foulbrood remains to be elucidated, we generated pMP19 cured‐M. plutonius from representative strains of the three genetically distinct groups (CC3, CC12 and CC13) and compared their virulence against Apis mellifera larvae using our in vitro infection model. Under the conditions tested, the loss of pMP19 abrogated the pathogenicity in CC3 strains, and > 94% of pMP19‐cured CC3 strain‐infected larvae became adult bees, suggesting that pMP19 is a virulence determinant of CC3 strains. However, introduction of mtxA on its own did not increase the virulence of pMP19‐cured strains. In contrast to CC3 strains, the representative CC12 strain remained virulent even in the absence of pMP19, whereas the representative CC13 strain was avirulent even in the presence of the plasmid. Thus, pMP19 plays a role in the virulence of M. plutonius; however, its impact on the virulence varies among strains with different genetic backgrounds.

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“…Virulence tests on individual larvae using exposure bioassays show that M. plutonius strains collected in different European geographic locations vary in their morbidity (Charriere, Kilchenmann, & Roetschi, 2011). Several studies mention the molecular detection of M. plutonius in such countries as Mexico, Turkey, India, Saudi Arabia, Spain and Colombia (Ansari et al, 2017;Borum et al, 2015;de León-Door et al, 2018;Garrido-Bailón et al, 2013;Singh Rana et al, 2012;Tibatá et al, 2018). For an epidemiological study, isolated strains should be classified.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Melissococcus Plutoniusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This allowed the identification of thirty-two sequence types (STs), grouped into three clonal complexes (CCs), in which Japanese atypical isolates belonged to CC12 and typical strains to CC3 and CC13. The studies conducted by Budge et al (2014), Takamatsu et al (2014) and de León-Door et al (2018), showed that these CCs were widely distributed throughout the world, even in Asian bees Apis ceranae. Some isolates from Brazil, United Kingdom, USA and the Netherlands have been classified inside the CC12 where atypical strains are found.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Melissococcus Plutoniusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Variants of Melissococcus plutonius (Ex White), the Causal Agent of European Foulbrood

León-Door

Pérez-Ordóñez

Romo-Chacón

et al. 2020

Journal of Apicultural Science

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The bacterium Melissococcus plutonius is the etiologic agent of the European foulbrood (EFB), one of the most harmful bacterial diseases that causes the larvae of bees to have an intestinal infection. Although EFB has been known for more than a century and is practically present in all countries where beekeeping is practiced, the disease has been little studied compared to American foulbrood. Recently, great advances have been made to understand the disease and the interaction between the pathogen and its host. This review summarizes the research and advances to understand the disease. First, the morphological characteristics of M. plutonius, the infection process and bacterial development in the gut of the larva are described. Also, the epidemiological distribution of EFB and factors that favor the development of the disease as well as the classification of M. plutonius according its genomic and phenotype characteristics are reported. Finally, the new molecular tools for the study of M. plutonius, possible virulence factors in its genome, the issue of current EFB control measures and possible alternatives to the use of antibiotics are addressed.

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Prevalence, typing and phylogenetic analysis of Melissococcus plutonius strains from bee colonies of the State of Chihuahua, Mexico

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Transcriptional regulator SpxA1a controls the resistance of the honey bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius to the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly

Transcriptional regulator SpxA1a controls the resistance of the honey bee pathogen Melissococcus plutonius to the antimicrobial activity of royal jelly

Different impacts of pMP19 on the virulence of Melissococcus plutonius strains with different genetic backgrounds

Pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Variants of Melissococcus plutonius (Ex White), the Causal Agent of European Foulbrood

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