Prevalência de má oclusão em escolares de 7 a 9 anos de idade do Polo 1 da Rede Municipal de Ensino em João Pessoa-PB

Abstract

ResumoIntrodução: A má oclusão, definida como alteração do crescimento e do desenvolvimento que afeta a oclusão dentária, é considerada um problema de saúde pública, pois apresenta alta prevalência e interfere negativamente na qualidade de vida das pessoas. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de más oclusões em escolares de 7 a 9 anos de idade do Pólo 1 da Rede Municipal de Ensino de João Pessoa-PB. Material e método: Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 162 escolares, selecionados de forma probabilística, de ambos os gêneros. Dentre as características da oclusão, foram observados: relação molar de Angle, sobressaliência, sobremordida, mordida aberta anterior, mordida cruzada e apinhamento. Os dados foram coletados por examinador calibrado (Kappa = 0,93), organizados em programa SPSS 13.0 e submetidos à análise descritiva e ao teste Qui-quadrado, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultado: 89,5% dos escolares apresentaram algum tipo de má oclusão; 48,1% da amostra foi classificada como tendo relação molar de Classe I, 32,1% Classe II e 17,9% Classe III. O apinhamento foi a má oclusão mais frequente (67,3%), seguido da sobressaliência acentuada (48,8%), sobremordida acentuada (41,9%), mordida cruzada posterior (11,7%), mordida cruzada anterior (11,7%) e mordida aberta anterior (11,7%). A mordida cruzada posterior foi estatisticamente mais frequente no gênero masculino e a sobressaliência acentuada apresentou associação com a Classe II de Angle. Conclusão: A população em tela apresentou alta prevalência de alterações oclusais, o que indica a necessidade de intervenção precoce, seja com programas preventivos e educativos, seja com programas de assistência.Descritores: Má oclusão; dentição mista; epidemiologia; saúde bucal. AbstractIntroduction: Malocclusion, defined as change in growth and development that affects dental occlusion, is considered a public health problem, because of its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life. Objective: Assess the prevalence of malocclusion in children 7-9 years old from Pole 1 of the municipal schools in João Pessoa-PB. Material and method: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a probabilistic random sample of 162 schoolchildren of both genders. The following oclusal findings were observed: molar classes, overjet, overbite, anterior open bite, crossbite and crowding. Data were collected by a calibrated examiner (Kappa = 0.93), organized by the SPSS 13.0 and subjected to descriptive analysis and chi-square test, with a significance level of 5%. Result: 89.5% of schoolchildren had some type of malocclusion. 48.1% of the sample were classified as having Class I, 32.1% Class II and 17.9% Class III. The crowding was the most frequent malocclusion (67.3%), followed by increased overjet (48.8%), increased overbite (41.9%), posterior crossbite (11.7%), anterior crossbite (11.7%) and anterior open bite (11.7%). A posterior crossbite was statistically more frequent in males. Class II was associated with increased overjet. Conclusion: This population presented high prevale...

Malocclusion in schoolhildren aged 7-12 years old in Minas Gerais, Brazil

“…High rates are expected in this age group, since the intense occlusal changes and exchanges of teeth occur in this period 1 . In this study, the prevalence of malocclusions was verified in 78.50% of the schoolchildren, which corroborates with the data in other studies, conducted in different regions of Brazil 8,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] . Data from epidemiological studies have shown that malocclusion is maintained with predominance in the three stages of development of occlusion, primary, mixed and permanent dentition 1 .…”

“…Data from epidemiological studies have shown that malocclusion is maintained with predominance in the three stages of development of occlusion, primary, mixed and permanent dentition 1 . The results showed that in the inter-arch relation, Class I malocclusion prevailed over Class II and Class III, in agreement with the majority of the studies in the literature researched [12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20] . Some studies were observed to draw attention to the high number of molar relationships in Class I [12][13][14][15][17][18][19][20] , and on the other hand, authors 12,[21][22] emphasized the predominance of Class II, in comparison with relation Class I and Class III.…”

“…The existent epidemiological studies conducted in Brazil have indicated that the larger portion of children in the mixed dentition stage present some type of morphological deviation in occlusion that varies between 66.00% and 96.80% 1,4,[6][7][8]10,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and are defined as malocclusion. High rates are expected in this age group, since the intense occlusal changes and exchanges of teeth occur in this period 1 .…”

Occlusal Characteristics of Children with Class I Malocclusion in Northeastern Brazil

“…Prevalence rates of anterior crossbite range from 2.2% to 12% in some studies 5,17,32 depending on the age and ethnicity of the children studied and the inclusion of edge-to-edge incisor relationship.…”

“…Although it is a significant rate, a high percentage is expected in this age group given the intense dental changes occurring in this period. Epidemiological studies indicate that the majority of children with mixed dentition have some kind of morphological deviation in occlusion, with rates ranging from 66 to 96.8% [13][14][15][16][17] . Such morphological deviations are defined as malocclusion.…”