Prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal en niños del valle del Mantaro, Jauja, Perú

Abstract

Objetivo: Observar la prevalencia y factores asociados de parasitosis intestinal en Jauja, Junín. Material y métodos: Se incluyeron a 188 individuos entre 1 y 16 años de edad de los distritos de Huertas y Julcán, provincia de Jauja, departamento de Junín, Perú. A 161 se les realizó entrevista y examen clínico. Resultados: La prevalencia de parasitosis intestinal fue alta, el 100% de ellos tenían parásitos o comensales y el 64% alojaban patógenos. Las características sociodemográficas de esta población muestran las precarias condiciones de vida, pobres hábitos higiénicos y hacinamiento humano en que viven, esto explicaría la alta endemicidad de parasitosis intestinal. Los enteroparásitos más frecuentes fueron Giardia lamblia (35.1%) y Fasciola hepática(19.1%). La asociación parasitaria que tuvo significación estadística fue la de Ascaris lumbricoides y Trichiuris trichiura (p<0.05). El dolor abdominal fue el síntoma más frecuente observado. El método diagnóstico con mayor rendimiento para el diagnóstico de parasitosis en general fue la Técnica de sedimentación espontánea en tubo (TSET), excepto para el diagnóstico de la fasciolosis donde la Técnica de sedimentación rápida de Lumbreras tuvo mejor rendimiento. Conclusiones: La alta endemicidad de parasitosis intestinal es causada por las precarias condiciones de vida, pobres hábitos higiénicos y hacinamiento humano presente en esta población. La alta prevalencia de fasciolosis humana en estas poblaciones demuestra que esta zoonosis es un problema de Salud Pública. ( Rev Med Hered 2002; 13: 85-89).

Child Health in the Peruvian Amazon: Prevalence and Factors Associated with Referred Morbidity and Health Care Access in the City of Iñapari

“…According to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (Peru), in 2013 the proportion of people with basic sanitation in the region of Madre de Dios was only 43.8% [ 25 ], while those with access to potable water were only 93.1% [ 22 ]. These conditions are worse than those found in the Department of Lima, the capital of Peru, where basic sanitation was available to 90.3% of children from this age group and access to potable water was available to 99.3% [ 22 , 23 ], thus demonstrating a higher exposure of the population of Madre de Dios to poor sanitation and related infectious diseases. In Iñapari, 67.6% of the children had a latrine at home, and 22.2% were living in houses near open sewage.…”

“…Children are most vulnerable to developing parasitic intestinal infections [ 22 , 23 ], especially when in contact with other people at home or school, due to a lack of hygiene [ 2 ]. Intestinal parasites are also associated with poor socioeconomic [ 17 , 23 , 24 ] and sanitation conditions [ 23 , 24 ]. According to the National Institute of Statistics and Information (Peru), in 2013 the proportion of people with basic sanitation in the region of Madre de Dios was only 43.8% [ 25 ], while those with access to potable water were only 93.1% [ 22 ].…”

Prevalence of strongyloidiasis in Peru: systematic review and meta-analysis

“…Morales et al reported a higher prevalence of Strongyloides infection at low altitudes (26.4%) compared to mountainous regions (18.6%) [ 29 ]. Low prevalence, of 0.3 to 1.5% of the sample population, was also observed in Chacas and in children living in Jauja (Junin department) [ 8 , 19 , 20 , 22 , 25 , 26 ].…”

“…Regarding sample collection, most studies collected a single stool sample; four studies used more than one [ 15 , 19 , 23 , 24 ]. Investigators in four studies also collected blood samples, in two cases for performing S. stercoralis serology [ 11 , 17 ], in two for assessing anemia [ 17 , 27 ], and in one for evaluating eosinophilia [ 22 ].…”

“…Among the studies that collected several samples, the highest prevalence observed was 19.5% [ 24 ]. In contrast, two studies reported very low prevalence: 1.5 and 2% [ 19 , 23 ], despite having increased the diagnostic yield with multiple samples. These differences are probably due to geographical factors, as the first study took place in the Peruvian Amazon and the other two at more than 3300 m altitude.…”