Preventability of Cancer: The Relative Contributions of Biologic and Social and Physical Environmental Determinants of Cancer Mortality

Abstract

Whereas models of cancer disparities and variation in cancer burden within population groups now specify multiple levels of action from biologic processes to individual risk factors and social and physical contextual factors, approaches to estimating the preventable proportion of cancer use more traditional direct models often from single exposures to cancer at specific organ sites. These approaches are reviewed, and the strengths and limitations are presented. The need for additional multilevel data and approaches to estimation of preventability are identified. International or regional variation in cancer may offer the most integrated exposure assessment over the life course. For the four leading cancers, which account for 50% of incidence and mortality, biologic, social, and physical environments play differing roles in etiology and potential prevention. Better understanding of the interactions and contributions across these levels will help refine prevention strategies.

AACR Cancer Progress Report 2013

“…Decades of research have led to the identification of numerous factors that affect a person's risk of developing cancer (see Figure 9, be related to preventable causes such as tobacco use, obesity, poor diet, and lack of physical activity (10). Modifying personal behaviors (see Figure 10, p.…”

A Multilevel Model of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer Incidence

“…The interaction of causal factors across biologic, social, and environmental determinants is poorly understood, but this understanding is necessary for developing prevention strategies (3). The lack of integration among risk factors at different levels, as well as the failure to consider feedbacks and dependencies undermines a full understanding of the causes of breast cancer and prospects for its prevention.…”

Cytotoxic and Apoptotic Effects of Extracts of Artemisia ciniformis Krasch. & Popov ex Poljakov on K562 and HL-60 Cell Lines

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Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 15 (17), [7055][7056][7057][7058][7059]

IntroductionIncrease in prevalence of cancer cases has been associated with the expansion of industrial, chemical and radioactive pollutants, also the gap between human being and nature (Colditz and Wei, 2012; Fasinu and Orisakwe, 2013). Despite the progress in the field of medicinal chemistry and development in the synthesis of several new therapeutic compounds, the role of plants and phytochemicals can not be ignored in pharmaceutical sciences (Cerella et al, 2014).

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