Preventable Diving-related Ocular Barotrauma: A Case Report

Ergözen, Serkan

doi:10.4274/tjo.67503

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Hence, when the diver descends in the water, periorbital soft tissues are forced into the mask, causing edema and bleeding ( Lynch and Deaton, 2014 ). A case report defined the subconjunctival hemorrhage among the symptoms of the ocular barotrauma of descent ( Ergözen, 2017 ). It is possible to prevent this type of barotrauma wearing mask rather than goggles, also during free-diving, and to apply correct techniques of mask equalization.…”

Section: Diving Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Physiology and Diving Medicine

et al. 2018

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Man’s experience and exploration of the underwater environment has been recorded from ancient times and today encompasses large sections of the population for sport enjoyment, recreational and commercial purpose, as well as military strategic goals. Knowledge, respect and maintenance of the underwater world is an essential development for our future and the knowledge acquired over the last few dozen years will change rapidly in the near future with plans to establish secure habitats with specific long-term goals of exploration, maintenance and survival. This summary will illustrate briefly the physiological changes induced by immersion, swimming, breath-hold diving and exploring while using special equipment in the water. Cardiac, circulatory and pulmonary vascular adaptation and the pathophysiology of novel syndromes have been demonstrated, which will allow selection of individual characteristics in order to succeed in various environments. Training and treatment for these new microenvironments will be suggested with description of successful pioneers in this field. This is a summary of the physiology and the present status of pathology and therapy for the field.

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Section: Diving Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Physiology and Diving Medicine

et al. 2018

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“…In the ears, a significant pressure gradient across the tympanic membrane can cause rupture. Negative pressure within the mask also can lead to subconjunctival hemorrhage (27).…”

Section: Descentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Breath-Hold Diving Injuries — A Primer for Medical Providers

Yu,

Valdivia-Valdivia,

Silva

et al. 2024

Curr Sports Med Rep

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Breath-hold divers, also known as freedivers, are at risk of specific injuries that are unique from those of surface swimmers and compressed air divers. Using peer-reviewed scientific research and expert opinion, we created a guide for medical providers managing breath-hold diving injuries in the field. Hypoxia induced by prolonged apnea and increased oxygen uptake can result in an impaired mental state that can manifest as involuntary movements or full loss of consciousness. Negative pressure barotrauma secondary to airspace collapse can lead to edema and/or hemorrhage. Positive pressure barotrauma secondary to overexpansion of airspaces can result in gas embolism or air entry into tissues and organs. Inert gas loading into tissues from prolonged deep dives or repetitive shallow dives with short surface intervals can lead to decompression sickness. Inert gas narcosis at depth is commonly described as an altered state similar to that experienced by compressed air divers. Asymptomatic cardiac arrhythmias are common during apnea, normally reversing shortly after normal ventilation resumes. The methods of glossopharyngeal breathing (insufflation and exsufflation) can add to the risk of pulmonary overinflation barotrauma or loss of consciousness from decreased cardiac preload. This guide also includes information for medical providers who are tasked with providing medical support at an organized breath-hold diving event with a list of suggested equipment to facilitate diagnosis and treatment outside of the hospital setting.

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“…During diving pressure increases outside the goggles or mask but the pressure inside remains at atmospheric value, resulting in negative pressure. This negative pressure pulls the eyes and periorbital soft tissues into the goggles and can sometimes create tissue damage [27]. Diving at deeper depths increases this pressure gradient and the likelihood of soft tissue damage.…”

Section: Pressure Related Ocular Barotrauma While Divingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmic Injuries in Sailors and Sea Workers – Pathomechanism and Treatment

Grąbczewski

Jendrzejczyk

Klekot

et al. 2023

Polish Maritime Research

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The purpose of the article is to do a literature review and present own experience regarding the main causes of ophthalmic injuries in sailors and crew workers. Sailors and sea workers often use heavy equipment when working on a vessel, offshore platform or other. Using these types of tools often carries high risk of injury. They are also exposed to various chemicals, many of which are eye irritants. Ophthalmic injuries are common but rarely fatal. They can lead to vision loss, reduce the quality of life and inability to continue work. The categorized types of these injuries and included chemical, mechanical, electrical, diving related barotrauma and infections. We present the most common cause of these types of injury, situations in which they can occur, pathomechamism of eye damage, recommend a prevention method, recommend the possible first aid and present cases in which specialized treatment in a reference hospital is necessary.

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Preventable Diving-related Ocular Barotrauma: A Case Report

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Environmental Physiology and Diving Medicine

Environmental Physiology and Diving Medicine

Breath-Hold Diving Injuries — A Primer for Medical Providers

Ophthalmic Injuries in Sailors and Sea Workers – Pathomechanism and Treatment

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