Preventing adolescent drug use: long-term results of a junior high program.

Ellickson, Phyllis L.; Bell, Robert M.; McGuigan, Kimberly A.

doi:10.2105/ajph.83.6.856

Cited by 289 publications

(119 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Because the initiation (or refusal) of use of alcohol and other drugs involves a decision, prevention programs target various components of the decision-making process, such as the quality of information available for consideration, 48 consideration of consequences, 52 identification of social pressures for use, 53 generation of behavior alternatives, 52 and problem-solving skills development. 54 The prevention literature has not benefited from the identification of specific cognitive functions that support high-level processes such as decision-making or the wealth of research that has accumulated from the study of these and other executive functions.…”

Section: Adolescent Cognitive Development and Effectiveness Of Prevenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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Late adolescence (ie, 16 -20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that typically occur in late adolescence, and we discuss the evidence for the impact of these transitions on individual drinking trajectories. We also describe evidence linking alcohol abuse in late adolescence with neurologic damage and social impairments, and we discuss whether these are the bases for the association of adolescent drinking with increased risks of mental health, substance abuse, and social problems in adulthood. Finally, we discuss both the challenges and successes in the treatment and prevention of adolescent drinking problems. I N THE UNITED States, alcohol involvement sometimes starts but more often escalates between 16 and 20 years of age, when youths are also experiencing dramatic physical, emotional, and social changes. Specifically, a variety of forms of hazardous drinking emerge during middle to late adolescence and, for many youths, these problematic patterns of drinking continue to escalate through 18 to 20 years of age, the period of greatest risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).In seeking to understand youth development and alcohol involvement, it is important to consider all dimensions of functioning, because the interrelated cognitive, biological, social, and affective changes that occur during adolescence not only affect each another but also influence an individual's risk of problem drinking. In particular, the timing, sequence, and synchrony of developmentally specific transitions can affect how well youths master new roles, as well as continuities and discontinuities in their behavior. Therefore, developmental models representing a range of theoretical orientations, including systems theory, behavioral genetics, and developmental psychopathology, hold great promise for advancing our understanding of the processes that underlie adolescent changes, including the emergence of alcohol use and abuse.The need for developmental approaches is underscored by the existence of a consistent body of research showing that the escalation in drinking and the emergence of AUDs in middle and late adolescence have behavioral, social, and biological roots from earlier developmental stages. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that alcohol involvement in adolescence has both short-and long-term effects on health and well-being at later developmental stages. Importantly, the consequences of adolescent drinking seem to differ from those associated with adult drinking, because there is increasing evidence that adolescents are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy alcohol use on both biological and socia...

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Section: Adolescent Cognitive Development and Effectiveness Of Prevenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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“…2 A grand school-choice experiment might answer a number of additional questions that are difficult or impossible to address in existing programs (including both large-scale publicly funded programs and small-scale privately funded voucher experiments). In particular, a public experiment might help to determine how demand, supply, and academic achievement are af-______________ 1 Ladd and Hansen, 1999. 2 See, e.g., Brook et al, 1984, andManning et al, 1988, on the results of the RAND health care experiment; Buddin, 1991, on a U.S. Army experiment in recruiting; Ellickson, Bell, and McGuigan, 1993, on an experimental evaluation of a drug-abuse prevention program.…”

Section: What Might Be Learned Through a Grand Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhetoric Versus Reality: What We Know and What We Need to Know About Vouchers and Charter Schools

Gill¹,

Timpane²,

Ross³

et al. 2007

118

110

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“…About 90% of individuals with smoking-related deaths began smoking during their adolescence [2], and each day nearly 4400 American youth between the ages of 12 and 17 years initiate cigarette smoking [3]. Despite efforts to address this rapid uptake of smoking among adolescents, traditional school-based smoking prevention programs have not been successful in affecting clinically relevant smoking behaviors [4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

Primack

Gold

Land

et al. 2006

Journal of Adolescent Health

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Purpose-To determine whether media literacy concerning tobacco use is independently associated with two clinically relevant outcome measures in adolescents: current smoking and susceptibility to smoking.Methods-We asked high school students aged 14-18 years to complete a survey that included a validated 18-item smoking media literacy (SML) scale, items assessing current smoking and susceptibility to future smoking, and covariates shown to be related to smoking. We used logistic regression to assess independent associations between the two outcome measures and SML.Results-Of the 1211 students who completed the survey, 19% reported current smoking. Controlling for all potential confounders of smoking, we found that an increase of one point (out of 10) in SML was independently associated with an odds ratio for smoking of .84 (95% confidence interval [CI] .71-.99). Compared with students below the median score on the SML scale, students above the median had an odds ratio for smoking of .57 (95% CI .37-.87). Of the students who were nonsmokers, 40% were classified as susceptible to future smoking. Controlling for all potential confounders of smoking, we found that an increase of one point (out of 10) was independently associated with and an odds ratio for smoking susceptibility of .68 (95% CI .58-. 79). Compared with students below the median SML, students above the median SML had an odds ratio for smoking susceptibility of .49 (95% CI .35-.68).Conclusions-In this sample of high school students, higher SML is independently associated with reduced current smoking and reduced susceptibility to future smoking. © 2006 Society for Adolescent Medicine. All rights reserved. [25][26][27], making media literacy attractive as an intervention. However, these studies focused on the outcomes such as student satisfaction, knowledge, and attitudes, and did not demonstrate that antismoking media literacy is associated with improvements in clinically relevant outcomes related to smoking. We therefore used a reliable, validated scale measuring the construct of smoking media literacy (SML) in youth [24] to determine the degree to which clinically relevant smoking-related outcomes are associated with SML scores in a large group of high school students. We hypothesized that higher media literacy scores would be associated with a decreased likelihood of current smoking and that, among current nonsmokers, those with higher media literacy would have a lower susceptibility to future smoking. Keywords Methods Participants and settingThe study population for our cross-sectional survey consisted of students attending a suburban public high school outside of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania with a total enrollment of 1690. The community served by this high school is primarily Caucasian and middle-income. Male and female students were eligible to participate if they were 14-18 years old and were available to take the survey on the regular school day in January 2005 when it was administered. On this date, 79 students were absent and 86 were unav...

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Preventing adolescent drug use: long-term results of a junior high program.

Cited by 289 publications

References 20 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Rhetoric Versus Reality: What We Know and What We Need to Know About Vouchers and Charter Schools

Association of Cigarette Smoking and Media Literacy about Smoking among Adolescents

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