Preventing and Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Middle and low-Income Countries: A Global Review and Analysis

Bott, Sarah; Morrison, Andrew; Ellsberg, Mary

doi:10.1037/e599842012-001

Cited by 50 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Furthermore, developing written guidelines, policies, and education programs designed to set standards for acceptable behaviors in educational settings have proven to be effective in changing norms 12) . It is important to note that changing the attitudes and norms that are entrenched in a society require sustained commitment and effort from all sectors 12,26) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to combat these pervasive problems, a comprehensive and multi-sectorial approach that combines institutional justice initiatives, reformed health policies and preventative educational programs are needed 26) . Furthermore, developing written guidelines, policies, and education programs designed to set standards for acceptable behaviors in educational settings have proven to be effective in changing norms 12) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff

Marsh

Patel

Gelaye

et al. 2009

Journal of Occupational Health

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To determine the one year prevalence of workplace abuse and sexual harassment and to determine the extent of their associations with symptoms of depression. Methods: A total of 387 female faculty and staff from colleges in Awassa, Ethiopia completed a self-administered questionnaire which collected information about relationships, mood and feelings, thoughts and satisfaction concerning the workplace, and experiences with sexual harassment. Symptoms of depression were evaluated using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Logistic regression procedures were employed to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The 12 mo prevalence of either workplace abuse or sexual harassment was 86.3%; with 39.5% reporting workplace abuse only, 4.1% of them reporting sexual harassment only, and 42.6% reporting experiences of both sexual harassment and workplace abuse. Overall, the mean depression score for this cohort was 3.7 (standard deviation 4.2, range 0-19), and 9.3% of the cohort were identified as having moderate or moderately severe depression. The proportion of participants with depression were statistically significantly elevated in relation to reported experience of workplace abuse and sexual harassment (p=0.001). Compared with women reporting no experience with workplace abuse or sexual harassment, those who reported experiencing both workplace abuse and sexual harassment had an 8.00 fold increased risk of depression (OR=8.00, 95% CI:1.05-60.85). Inferences from this analysis are limited by our relatively small sample size as reflected by the wide 95% CI. Conclusions: Workplace abuse and sexual harassment are highly prevalent, and are positively correlated with symptoms of depression among college female faculty and staff in Awassa, Ethiopia. Future policies should include a combination of education, health, and public policy initiatives that clearly outline the problem and consequences of workplace abuse and sexual harassment in educational settings. (J Occup Health 2009; 51: 314-322)

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff

Marsh

Patel

Gelaye

et al. 2009

Journal of Occupational Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although some studies have documented a positive impact on women's status resulting from gainful employment, others have shown increases of IPV resulting from increased access to financial resources (Bott et al, 2005;Heise & García-Moreno, 2002;Koenig, Ahmed, Hossain, & Mozumder, 2003). For instance, Kim et al (2007) report on the results of implementing an intervention program aimed to reduce the risk of HIV infection and increase gender equality.…”

Section: Women's Economic Status and Ipvmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a worldwide social issue, and according to the recent World Health Organization (WHO) report, the population-based incidence of IPV ranges from 13% to 72% worldwide (Bott, Morrison, & Ellsberg, 2005; García-Moreno, Jansen, Ellsberg, Heise, & Watts, 2006). Across a variety of cultural settings, women are at higher risk of violence from an intimate partner than from any other type of perpetrator (García-Moreno et al, 2006).…”

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confidence: 99%

Employment Status and Intimate Partner Violence Among Mexican Women

Terrazas-Carrillo

McWhirter

2014

J Interpers Violence

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Exploring risk factors and profiles of intimate partner violence in other countries provides information about whether existing theories of this phenomenon hold consistent in different cultural settings. This study will present results of a regression analysis involving domestic violence among Mexican women (n = 83,159). Significant predictors of domestic violence among Mexican women included age, number of children in the household, income, education, self-esteem, family history of abuse, and controlling behavior of the husband. Women's employment status was not a significant predictor when all variables were included in the model; however, when controlling behavior of the husband was withdrawn from the model, women's employment status was a significant predictor of domestic violence toward women. Results from this research indicate that spousal controlling behavior may serve as a mediator of the predictive relationship between women's employment status and domestic violence among Mexican women. Findings provide support for continued exploration of the factors that mediate experiences of domestic violence among women worldwide.

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“…In a context of limited economic resources and opportunities, girls are often seen as a burden or an economic asset whose marriage provides cattle, money and gifts (UNICEF, 2010). While boys may also be subjected to forced marriages, the majority of victims are girls (Bott et al, 2005). Similarly, the Coalition for the Elimination of Early Marriages in Mozambique (CECAP) highlights the importance of economic factors, as girls from the richest quintile of the population and girls from households that own land are significantly less likely to get married in their teens.…”

Section: The Figures Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Social Protection Minimum Floors as a tool to end early marriage in Mozambique

Mamad¹,

Foubert²

2018

lgdjournal

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Mozambique has the seventh highest early marriage prevalence rate in the world, notwithstanding there being a legal ban. Early marriage generally affects girls who are the least educated, poor and living in rural areas. This situation is a reflection of the gendered socialization process in Mozambique, which places girls in caregiving and reproductive roles. Recently, legal research on early marriage has gained importance in Mozambique. This article demonstrates that social protection floors (SPFs) can be a tool to empower girls. SPFs should be designed to capture substantive inequality in the household and increase protection for girls, in order to reduce early marriage rates.

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Preventing and Responding to Gender-Based Violence in Middle and low-Income Countries: A Global Review and Analysis

Cited by 50 publications

References 40 publications

Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff

Prevalence of Workplace Abuse and Sexual Harassment among Female Faculty and Staff

Employment Status and Intimate Partner Violence Among Mexican Women

Access to Social Protection Minimum Floors as a tool to end early marriage in Mozambique

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