Preventing Atopic Diseases During Childhood – Early Exposure Matters

Pierau, Mandy; Arra, Aditya; Brunner‐Weinzierl, Monika C.

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.617731

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 154 publications

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“…In a population-based study of 5,276 one-year-old infants, children meeting the current definition of “high risk” for allergic disease (family members with a history of any allergic disease) showed an increase in food allergy compared to those with no family history of allergic disease ( 12 ). A possible explanation for this, supplementary to genetic similarity, is the individualized environment each mother provides for the infant during gestation and breastfeeding ( 13 , 14 ). Therefore, a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms that mediate maternal influence to develop food allergy in children is critical to developing prevention and treatment strategies for allergic reactions and similar inflammatory diseases ( Figure 1 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Influences and Intervention Strategies on the Development of Food Allergy in Offspring

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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Food allergies and other immune-mediated diseases have become serious health concerns amongst infants and children in developed and developing countries. The absence of available cures limits disease management to allergen avoidance and symptomatic treatments. Research has suggested that the presence of maternal food allergies may expose the offspring to genetic predisposition, making them more susceptible to allergen sensitization. The following review has focused on epidemiologic studies regarding maternal influences of proneness to develop food allergy in offspring. The search strategy was “food allergy OR maternal effects OR offspring OR prevention”. A systematically search from PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct and Google Scholar was conducted. Specifically, it discussed the effects of maternal immunity, microbiota, breastfeeding, genotype and allergy exposure on the development of food allergy in offspring. In addition, several commonly utilized prenatal and postpartum strategies to reduce food allergy proneness were presented, including early diagnosis of high-risk infants and various dietary interventions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Influences and Intervention Strategies on the Development of Food Allergy in Offspring

Cao

Zheng

et al. 2022

Front. Immunol.

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“…Furthermore, most students believed that outdoor exposure might be harmful to children in the context of infection susceptibility. This misbelief is particularly important in implementing prophylactic measures against the development of allergic diseases, as frequent exposure to environmental stimuli has been suggested to reduce the risk of developing these disorders [30][31][32]. Therefore, educational materials on the role of microbes in the development of allergic diseases and the clinical implications are critical to improving the knowledge of medical sciences students whose future careers will be involved in providing direct care and formulating healthcare policies for emerging public health concerns in Saudi Arabia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the knowledge on microbiome and dysbiosis in allergic diseases among medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia

Alamri

AlKhater

2022

Clin Mol Allergy

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Background Microbiome science deals with the development of diseases that are derived from the interaction between the host immune system and microbes. Microbiome disturbance or dysbiosis has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Thus, this field is pivotal in the management of allergic disorders. Despite the increasing prevalence of allergic disorders in Saudi Arabia, medical students lack knowledge of microbiome science. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the level of knowledge of medical sciences students on the human microbiome, dysbiosis, and management of the impaired microbiome with a focus on allergic diseases and asthma. Methods An online survey was designed, validated, and distributed to 100 final-year students and interns majoring in clinical nutrition, public health, and clinical laboratory sciences at a single university in Saudi Arabia. The study period was from November 2020 to January 2021. Results The overall knowledge of the human microbiome was adequate among the participants, but their understanding of dysbiosis and management of the impaired microbiome was low to moderate. Knowledge of dysbiosis management was significantly higher in students majoring in clinical nutrition than in those majoring in public health and clinical laboratory sciences. Conclusions Collectively, this study provides the first evidence that knowledge of specific domains of microbiome science among a cohort of medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia is insufficient. Large-scale studies are warranted to confirm these observations at a national level, and specific curriculum modifications are necessary to improve the knowledge of future healthcare professionals about clinical applications of microbiome science.

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“…However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Studies using early life animal models have confirmed that many facets of immunity in early life are distinct from that in adults ( 6 – 8 ). Regarding the type 2 responses in the lung, the reduction in IL-12 together with the increase in IL-4 in neonates favors Th2 differentiation ( 9 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neonatal LPS Administered Before Sensitization Reduced the Number of Inflammatory Monocytes and Abrogated the Development of OVA-Induced Th2 Allergic Airway Inflammation

Gao

Liu

et al. 2021

Front. Immunol.

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It is becoming increasingly clear that environment factors during early life play a pivotal role in the development of allergic asthma. Among these, a traditional farm is one of the strongest protective environments, and the protective effects have been, at least in part, attributed to the high-level exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on farms. However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, especially in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced neonatal allergic asthma model. Here, we used the OVA-induced asthma model in two age groups, neonatal and adult, when mice were first sensitized with peritoneal OVA/alum as neonates and adults, respectively. LPS was injected in the peritoneal cavity before OVA/alum sensitization. The effects of LPS treatment on allergic airway inflammation in the lung and the immune milieu in the peritoneal cavity were determined and compared between these two age groups. We found that LPS treatment abrogated the development of Th2 allergic airway responses in the neonatal group. In the adult group, the ameliorated Th2 allergic responses were accompanied with Th17 responses and neutrophil infiltration upon LPS treatment. We further investigated the immune milieu in the peritoneal cavity to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this age-dependent difference. Our data show that in neonatal mice, LPS treatment significantly reduced the number of inflammatory monocytes in the peritoneal cavity. In the adult group, LPS treatment shifted the function of these cells which associated with Th1 and Th17 polarization. Our results provide more evidence that immunity in early life is distinct from that in adults, especially in the peritoneal cavity, and emphasize the importance of timing for the intervention of allergic asthma. Our results suggest that LPS treatment during early life is protective for the development of Th2 allergic responses. On the other hand, it might lead to a more severe phenotype of asthma when dampening the Th2 responses in adult mice.

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Preventing Atopic Diseases During Childhood – Early Exposure Matters

Cited by 16 publications

References 154 publications

Maternal Influences and Intervention Strategies on the Development of Food Allergy in Offspring

Maternal Influences and Intervention Strategies on the Development of Food Allergy in Offspring

Evaluating the knowledge on microbiome and dysbiosis in allergic diseases among medical sciences students in Saudi Arabia

Neonatal LPS Administered Before Sensitization Reduced the Number of Inflammatory Monocytes and Abrogated the Development of OVA-Induced Th2 Allergic Airway Inflammation

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