Preventing Global Extinction of the Javan Rhino: Tsunami Risk and Future Conservation Direction

Setiawan, Ridwan; Gerber, Brian D.; Rahmat, U Mamat; Daryan, Daryan; Firdaus, Asep Yayus; Haryono, Mohammad; Khairani, Kurnia Okhtavia; Kurniawan, Yuyun; Long, Barney; Lyet, Arnaud; Muhiban, Muhiban; Mahmud, Rois; Muhtarom, Aom; Purastuti, Elisabet; Ramono, Widodo; Subrata, Dadan; Sunarto, Sunarto

doi:10.1111/conl.12366

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The strait is also an international route for large ships. It is the second-most crowded waterway after the Strait of Malacca, with 70 000 vessels a year passing it (Soeriaatmadja, 2019). There are three industrial regions at the edge of the strait, namely Cilegon, Serang, and Tanggamus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Widiyanto

Hsiao

Chen

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. A tsunami caused by a flank collapse of the southwest part of the Anak Krakatau volcano occurred on 22 December 2018. The tsunami affected the coastal areas located at the edge of the Sunda Strait, Indonesia. To gain an understanding of the tsunami event, field surveys were conducted a month after the incident. The surveys included measurements of run-up height, inundation distance, tsunami direction, and sediment characteristics at 20 selected sites. The survey results revealed that the run-up height reached 9.2 m in Tanjungjaya and an inundation distance of 286.8 m was found at Cagar Alam, part of Ujung Kulon National Park. The tsunami propagated radially from Anak Krakatau and reached the coastal zone with a direction between 25 and 350∘ from the north. Sediment samples were collected at 27 points in tsunami deposits with a sediment thickness of 1.5–12.7 cm. The average distance from the coast of the area with significant sediment deposits and the deposit limit are 45 % and 73 % of the inundation distance, respectively. Sand sheets were sporadic, highly variable, and highly influenced by topography. Grain sizes in the deposit area were finer than those at their sources. The sizes ranged from fine sand to boulders, with medium sand and coarse sand being dominant. All sediment samples had a well-sorted distribution. An assessment of the boulder movements indicates that the tsunami run-up had minimum velocities of 4.0–4.5 m s−1.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Widiyanto

Hsiao

Chen

et al. 2020

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…Firstly, the assay was limited to identify three of the five rhino species (black rhino, white rhino and Indian rhino). However, it is highly unlikely that Javan rhino or Sumatran rhino horns will be encountered in the rhino horn market as there are fewer than 100 and 300 individuals left respectively [ 16 , 17 ]. Additionally, both of these species could be tested via a sequence based method, hence false negatives or misidentification as fraudulent horn product will be avoided (as in Fig 3 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rapid multiplex PCR assay for presumptive species identification of rhinoceros horns and its implementation in Vietnam

Ewart

Frankham

McEwing³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Rhinoceros (rhinos) have suffered a dramatic increase in poaching over the past decade due to the growing demand for rhino horn products in Asia. One way to reverse this trend is to enhance enforcement and intelligence gathering tools used for species identification of horns, in particular making them fast, inexpensive and accurate. Traditionally, species identification tests are based on DNA sequence data, which, depending on laboratory resources, can be either time or cost prohibitive. This study presents a rapid rhino species identification test, utilizing species-specific primers within the cytochrome b gene multiplexed in a single reaction, with a presumptive species identification based on the length of the resultant amplicon. This multiplex PCR assay can provide a presumptive species identification result in less than 24 hours. Sequence-based definitive testing can be conducted if/when required (e.g. court purposes). This work also presents an actual casework scenario in which the presumptive test was successfully utlitised, in concert with sequence-based definitive testing. The test was carried out on seized suspected rhino horns tested at the Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, the CITES mandated laboratory in Vietnam, a country that is known to be a major source of demand for rhino horns. This test represents the basis for which future ‘rapid species identification tests’ can be trialed.

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“…Recovering extremely small populations requires precise and accurate monitoring (Setiawan et al., ). This joint effort, which increased both precision and accuracy, was successful largely because biologists and administrators from governments, universities, and NGOs committed to the effort, and recognized the value of collaboration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transboundary cooperation improves endangered species monitoring and conservation actions: A case study of the global population of Amur leopards

Vitkalova

Feng

Rybin³

et al. 2018

CONSERVATION LETTERS

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Political borders and natural boundaries of wildlife populations seldom coincide, often to the detriment of conservation objectives. Transnational monitoring of endangered carnivores is rare, but is necessary for accurate population monitoring and coordinated conservation policies. We investigate the benefits of collaboratively monitoring the abundance and survival of the critically endangered Amur leopard, which occurs as a single transboundary population across China and Russia. Country-specific results overestimated abundance and were generally less precise compared to integrated monitoring estimates; the global population was similar in both years: 84 (70-108, 95% confidence interval). Uncertainty in country-specific annual survival estimates were approximately twice the integrated estimates of 0.82 (0.69-0.91, 95% confidence limits). This collaborative effort provided a better understanding of Amur leopard population dynamics, represented a first step in building trust, and lead to cooperative agreements to coordinate conservation policies. K E Y W O R D SAmur leopard, camera traps, carnivore, China, mark-recapture, monitoring, Panthera pardus orientalis, Russia, transboundary conservationThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Preventing Global Extinction of the Javan Rhino: Tsunami Risk and Future Conservation Direction

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

Run-up, inundation, and sediment characteristics of the 22 December 2018 Sunda Strait tsunami, Indonesia

A rapid multiplex PCR assay for presumptive species identification of rhinoceros horns and its implementation in Vietnam

Transboundary cooperation improves endangered species monitoring and conservation actions: A case study of the global population of Amur leopards

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