Preventing HIV Among Latino and African American Gay and Bisexual Men in a Context of HIV-Related Stigma, Discrimination, and Homophobia: Perspectives of Providers

Brooks, Ronald A.; Etzel, Mark A.; Hinojos, Ernesto; Henry, Charles L.; Pérez, Mario J.

doi:10.1089/apc.2005.19.737

Cited by 167 publications

(144 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…20 HIV-related and gay-related stigma in Black and Latino communities is especially high, 9,21 making it important to develop solutions that reduce stigma and increase willingness to test for HIV infection. In high-risk populations including Black and Hispanic MSM, [9][10][11][12] we found that a significant majority of self-test users preferred to self-test versus test in a clinical setting. While the reason for testing preference was not determined in our study, we hypothesise that testing preference primarily relates to convenience and privacy issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 Engaging Black and Hispanic MSM in HIV testing has been challenging because of the high prevalence of HIV-related stigma and the limited utilisation of primary medical care. [9][10][11][12] HIV oral-fluid self-testing might reduce the stigma associated with seeking HIV testing, improve access to testing and prevention services and increase population-level serostatus awareness rates. 13 Although concerns about test kit affordability have been raised, HIV self-tests have been found to be acceptable in high-risk communities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility of using GrindrTM to distribute HIV self-test kits to men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Background: Our study aimed to determine if GrindrÔ is an effective means of reaching high-risk men who have sex with men (MSM) for HIV testing. In Los Angeles (LA), Black and Latino MSM have the highest rate of HIV infection, and Black MSM in LA are four-fold more likely than white MSM to not know they are infected with HIV. Those MSM are also major users of social networking apps. GrindrÔ was used to provide access to free HIV selftesting. Methods: Free HIV self-test kits were advertised on GrindrÔ from 13 October to 11 November 2014, consisting of 300 000 banner ads and three broadcast messages targeting a high-risk HIV population in LA. Eligible participants, Black or Latino, MSM and who were aged 18 years of age, were invited to take a survey 2 weeks after test delivery. Results: The website received 4389 unique visitors and 333 test requests, of which 247 (74%) were requests for mailed tests, 58 (17%) were for vouchers and 28 (8%) were for vending machines. Of the 125 participants, 74% reported at least one episode of condomless anal intercourse in the past 3 months, 29% last tested for HIV over 1 year ago and 9% had never been tested. Conclusions: It was feasible to use GrindrÔ to distribute HIV self-test kits. Users are willing to provide personal information in exchange for a free self-test and found self-tests acceptable and easy to use. HIV selftesting promotion through apps has a high potential to reach untested high-risk populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility of using GrindrTM to distribute HIV self-test kits to men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California

et al. 2016

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“…Recent discourse highlights the need for greater understanding of psychosocial factors that contribute to the spread of HIV within this disproportionately affected group of young men. 9,10 The current study focuses on stigma, which is one factor thought to be particularly salient to African American MSM infected with HIV. [9][10][11] Emerging research suggests that young MSM infected with HIV may experience multiple forms of stigma related to both their sexuality and seropositive status.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9,10 The current study focuses on stigma, which is one factor thought to be particularly salient to African American MSM infected with HIV. [9][10][11] Emerging research suggests that young MSM infected with HIV may experience multiple forms of stigma related to both their sexuality and seropositive status. 12,13 HIV stigma may be particularly salient for young MSM who are African American, since research suggests that HIV-positive African Americans experience higher levels of HIV stigma than both Latinos and whites.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24][25][26] Researchers and practitioners are increasingly recognizing the need for secondary prevention with HIV-positive youth, including the need for intervention programs that address the multiple forms of stigma experienced by African American young MSM already living with HIV. 9 The combination of HIV stigma and sexual minority stigma may present significant barriers to individuals' engagement in HIV health care, interfere with their ability to maintain favorable sexual health practices, and ultimately increase transmission of HIV. Nonetheless, because investigations have yet to examine HIV related and sexuality related forms of stigma in concert, little is known about how individuals' perceptions of these may be similar or different.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stigma and Sexual Health Risk in HIV-Positive African American Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Radcliffe

Doty

Hawkins

et al. 2010

AIDS Patient Care and STDs

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Understanding the multiple forms of stigma experienced by young HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men and how they relate to sexual risk behaviors is essential to design effective HIV prevention programs. This study of 40 African American young MSM found that 90% of those surveyed experienced sexual minority stigma, 88% experienced HIV stigma, and 78% experienced dual stigma. Sexual minority stigma was characterized by experiences of social avoidance, and HIV stigma, by shame. Individuals with high HIV stigma were significantly more likely to engage in unprotected sex while high or intoxicated. Associations between stigma and sexual practices were examined; youth endorsing higher levels of sexual minority stigma engaged in less insertive anal intercourse. Individuals endorsing more HIV stigma reported more receptive anal intercourse. These findings support the development of stigma-informed secondary prevention interventions for African American HIV-positive young MSM.

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Same-Sex Attraction Disclosure to Health Care Providers Among New York City Men Who Have Sex With Men<subtitle>Implications for HIV Testing Approaches</subtitle>

Bernstein

Liu²,

Begier³

et al. 2008

Arch Intern Med

193

162

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Background: While the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends at least annual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening for men who have sex with men (MSM), a large number of HIV infections among this population go unrecognized. We examined the association between disclosing to their medical providers (eg, physicians, nurses, physician assistants) same-sex attraction and self-reported HIV testing among MSM in New York City, New York.Methods: All men recruited from the New York City National HIV Behavioral Surveillance (NHBS) project who reported at least 1 male sex partner in the past year and self-reported as HIV seronegative were included in the analysis. The primary outcome of interest was a participant having told his health care provider that he is attracted to or has sex with other men. Sociodemographic and behavioral factors were examined in relation to disclosure of same-sex attraction.Results: Among the 452 MSM respondents, 175 (39%) did not disclose to their health care providers. Black and Hispanic MSM (adjusted odds ratios, 0.28 [95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.53] and 0.46 [95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.85], respectively) were less likely than white MSM to have disclosed to their health care providers. No MSM who identified themselves as bisexual had disclosed to their health care providers. Those who had ever been tested for HIV were more likely to have disclosed to their health care providers (adjusted odds ratio, 2.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.38).Conclusions: These data suggest that risk-based HIV testing, which is contingent on health care providers being aware of their patients' risks, could miss these high-risk persons.

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Preventing HIV Among Latino and African American Gay and Bisexual Men in a Context of HIV-Related Stigma, Discrimination, and Homophobia: Perspectives of Providers

Cited by 167 publications

References 35 publications

Feasibility of using GrindrTM to distribute HIV self-test kits to men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California

Feasibility of using GrindrTM to distribute HIV self-test kits to men who have sex with men in Los Angeles, California

Stigma and Sexual Health Risk in HIV-Positive African American Young Men Who Have Sex with Men

Same-Sex Attraction Disclosure to Health Care Providers Among New York City Men Who Have Sex With Men<subtitle>Implications for HIV Testing Approaches</subtitle>

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