Preventing Hospital-acquired Infections in Low-income and Middle-income Countries

Maduako

BioMed Research International

et al. 2017

Background Hand hygiene practices (HHP), as a critical component of infection prevention/control, were investigated among physiotherapists in an Ebola endemic region. Method A standardized instrument was administered to 44 randomly selected physiotherapists (23 males and 21 females), from three tertiary hospitals in Enugu, Nigeria. Fifteen participants (aged 22–59 years) participated in focus group discussions (FGDs) and comprised 19 participants in a subsequent laboratory study. After treatment, the palms/fingers of physiotherapists were swabbed and cultured, then incubated aerobically overnight at 37°C, and examined for microbial growths. An antibiogram of the bacterial isolates was obtained. Results The majority (34/77.3%) of physiotherapists were aware of the HHP protocol, yet only 15/44.1% rated self-compliance at 71–100%. FGDs identified forgetfulness/inadequate HHP materials/infrastructure as the major barriers to HHP. Staphylococcus aureus were the most prevalent organisms, prior to (8/53.33%) and after (4/26.67%) HPP, while Pseudomonas spp. were acquired thereafter. E. coli were the most antibiotic resistant microbes but were completely removed after HHP. Ciprofloxacin and streptomycin were the most effective antibiotics. Conclusion Poor implementation of HPP was observed due to inadequate materials/infrastructure/poor behavioral orientation. Possibly, some HPP materials were contaminated; hence, new microbes were acquired. Since HPP removed the most antibiotic resistant microbes, it might be more effective in infection control than antibiotic medication.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand Hygiene Practices and Microbial Investigation of Hand Contact Swab among Physiotherapists in an Ebola Endemic Region: Implications for Public Health

Maduako

BioMed Research International

et al. 2017

Curr Treat Options Infect Dis

“…Latin America A recent study of 8 Latin American countries showed prevalence of patients with HAI was 11.6% (90/771; 95% CI 9. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Of all HAIs, 67% were VAP, 18% were bloodstream infections, 13% were SSI, and 10% were UTI.…”

Section: Ongoing Efforts In Infection Prevention In Lmicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunities to Overcome Implementation Challenges of Infection Prevention and Control in Low-Middle Income Countries

Sengupta

Barman

2019

Purpose of review Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) have posed a major challenge in patient care across the globe, more so in lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). Studies have shown that implementation of an effective infection prevention and control (IPC) program reduces incidence of HAI to a large extent. However, implementation of such a program in low-resource setting has many challenges. Research have shown that gaps exist due to absence of political will, trained manpower, and alternate healthcare priorities. Recent findings With progress in science of healthcare epidemiology and digital communication, opportunities to establish an effective IPC program at minimal cost is possible. In this review, we explore ways the existing challenges can be mitigated in LMICs. In recent times, the UN general assembly along with World Health Organization (2015) and member countries took a resolution to come up with an action plan to tackle the rising threat of AMR by strengthening IPC programs at national level.Summary We reviewed the progress made by the developing countries in their efforts to implement the program.

Rev. Latino-Am. Enfermagem

“…This analysis represents a challenge, given variability of risks and diversity of behaviors and recommendations. In this sense, the need emerges to objectively identify the possible risks of contamination and colonization 4 - 5 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiological testing of devices used in maintaining peripheral venous catheters

Rossini

Andrade

Santos

et al. 2017

Objective:to evaluate the use of peripheral venous catheters based on microbiological analysis of devices (dressing and three-way stopcocks) and thus contribute to the prevention and infection control. Methods:this was a prospective study of microbiological analysis of 30 three-way stopcocks (external surfaces and lumens) and 30 dressing used in maintaining the peripheral venous catheters of hospitalized adult patients. Results:all external surfaces, 40% of lumens, and 86.7% of dressing presented bacterial growth. The main species isolated in the lumen were 50% coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, 14.3% Staphylococcus aureus, and 14.3% Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fifty nine percent of multidrug-resistant bacteria were isolated of the three-way stopcocks, 42% of the lumens, and 44% of the dressing with a predominance of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus resistant to methicillin. Besides, 18% gram-negative bacteria with resistance to carbapenems were identified from multidrug-resistant bacteria on the external surfaces of the three-way stopcocks. Conclusion:it is important to emphasize the isolation of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus and gram-negative bacteria resistant to methicillin and carbapenems in samples of devices, respectively, which reinforces the importance of nursing care in the maintenance of the biologically safe environment as well as prevention and infection control practices.