Preventing suicide and homicide in the United States: The potential benefit in human lives

Papadopoulos, Fotios C.; Skalkidou, Alkistis; Sergentanis, Theodoros N.; Kyllekidis, Spyros; Ekselius, Lisa; Petridou, Eleni

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2008.06.038

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Guns are exceptionally fast, effective, and relatively impersonal means of killing oneself or others, thereby increasing the risk of death by impulsive acts of aggression. Supporting this claim are studies suggesting that risk of suicide increases with firearm availability in a given region even after controlling for rates of poverty, unemployment, substance abuse, and mental illness (5). Further substantiating this claim is the fact that while Americans have a higher rate of suicide by firearms, we have a slightly lower rater of suicide overall within industrialized nations and our rate of non-firearm-related completed suicides are significantly lower.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of American Violencesupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The suicide rate in America in 2003 was estimated at 10.8 per 100,000, with 5.8 per 100,000 suicides being committed with use of firearms compared with 14.9 per 100,000 suicides in the other 23 nations of which 1.0 per 100,000 was committed with firearms (4). The use of firearms accounts for 55% of all suicides and 66% of all homicides in the United States (5). Multiple studies evaluating the prevalence of suicide and homicide in the United States have implicated availability of firearms in the relatively high rates of completed suicide and homicide in America.…”

Section: Epidemiology Of American Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: a literature review

Glick

2015

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is a literature review discussing previous studies on the associations between impulsive aggression and the serotonergic system in adults, adolescents, and children. The review demonstrates that there is a clear association between low cerebrospinal fluid serotonin and impulsive aggression. However, studies on neurotransmitter receptor profiles, functional imaging, genetics, and epigenetics reviewed in this article suggest a more complicated picture that includes consideration of gene vs. environment in the evaluation of risk. Serotonin supplementation studies suggest that selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may reduce impulsive aggression in some adults but are less effective in adults with pathological aggression and also in children and adolescents. Child and adolescent studies are less conclusive, in part due to the heterogeneous physiologic and psychosocial changes occurring over the course of development. The author thus concludes that psychiatrists can reduce risk in these special patient populations by creating safer environments in the form of changes in policy and increased support services.

show abstract

Section: Epidemiology Of American Violencesupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Epidemiology Of American Violencementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: a literature review

Glick

2015

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The results of our first set of analyses point strongly to the association between measures of social context and children's deaths, which provides support for the importance of poverty-elimination or poverty reduction programs (Eamon, Wu, & Zhang, 2009;Lichter & Eggebeen, 1994;Mahoney, 2006;Owens, 2005;Shobe & Boyd, 2005) and crime prevention programs (McSkimming & Berg, 2008;Organ, 2005;Papadopoulos et al, 2009;Reynolds, Temple, & Ou, 2010;Sampson, Eck, & Dunham, 2010). Our findings indicate that as poverty and crime increase, so do CMFs and as poverty and crime decrease, fewer children die from maltreatment.…”

Section: Implications For Policy and Practicesupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Homicide rates in general tend to be higher in the southern region of the nation. This has been attributed to a culture that is more embracing of violent behaviors and practices (McCall et al, 1992;Nisbett, Polly, Lang, Ruback, & Weiner, 1995;Papadopoulos et al, 2009). Some research, however, found comparable levels of homicide between the South and West (O'Carroll & Mercy, 1989).…”

Section: Predictors Of Child Maltreatment Fatalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child Maltreatment Fatalities: Predicting Rates and the Efficacy of Child Welfare Policy

Douglas

McCarthy

2011

J. of Policy Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Although Malaysia is a regional Asian country, firearm related homicides are found in less than 20% of the investigated homicides [13]. A five-year study on homicides from Turkey stated that 54.83% of homicides involved firearms, whereas in England and Wales firearm related homicides are a less frequent method of killing than in many other countries [1,14,15] In the United States, a firearm had been used in 66% of all homicides [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homicidal firearm injuries: a study from Sri Lanka

Edirisinghe

Kitulwatte

2010

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Stabbing, mechanical asphyxia, blunt head injury and shooting are the most common methods of homicides, with firearm homicides on the increase throughout the world. This study was a retrospective study carried out by the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka over a 1 year period on firearm homicides examined at two principal forensic institutions in the western province (Office of the Judicial Medical Officer Colombo and Ragama) of Sri Lanka. During the period of the study (June 2005 to July 2006) 3100 medicolegal autopsies were carried out at these two institutions with 265 representing alleged homicides. Eighty-three cases (31%) were identified as homicides due to fatal firearm injuries. The majority of the victims (N = 76) were young adult males (aged 18-40 years). Almost half of the firearm homicides (47%; N = 39) were associated with previous enmity, while 33% (N = 27) were due to ethnic rebel killings in the North and East. Daylight hours (6.00 a.m. to 6.00 p.m.) were preferred by rebels, while there was no relation to the time of day in the other firearm deaths. The weapon of choice was a rifled firearm (98%). While 70% of war-related deaths had one or two fatal shots, either to the head or chest, homicides motivated by personal enmity had multiple wounds, with an average of 5.7 fatal shots per victim. This study demonstrates that firearm homicides in Sri Lanka mainly involve young men, and that when related to armed conflict the fatal injury usually consists of a single shot to the head or chest.

show abstract

Preventing suicide and homicide in the United States: The potential benefit in human lives

Cited by 17 publications

References 23 publications

The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: a literature review

The role of serotonin in impulsive aggression, suicide, and homicide in adolescents and adults: a literature review

Child Maltreatment Fatalities: Predicting Rates and the Efficacy of Child Welfare Policy

Homicidal firearm injuries: a study from Sri Lanka

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About