Preventing Violence Among High-Risk Youth and Communities with Economic, Policy, and Structural Strategies

Massetti, Greta M.; David-Ferdon, Corinne

doi:10.15585/mmwr.su6501a9

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…All these conditions are associated with violence and violence-related injuries ( 15 ). Prevention efforts will achieve greater population-level reductions in violence through the reduction of systemic inequities and by targeting salient neighborhood and community-level contributors to violence ( 17 ). Evaluations of programs such as Baltimore’s Safe Streets, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), business improvement districts, and policies such as the earned income tax credit ( 18 ) have confirmed the value in employing these types of community-level strategies in reducing violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Safe Dates, a school-based program designed to reduce dating violence among adolescents, has indicated promise for reducing long-term physical and sexual dating violence as well as peer violence victimization and weapon carrying ( 27 , 29 , 30 ). Furthermore, primary prevention strategies designed to teach skills that reduce aggressive behavior toward others and improve social skills, emotional well-being, and self-esteem can be targeted toward preadolescents and early adolescents before violent behaviors and patterns begin ( 17 ). CDC’s youth violence technical package emphasizes the preventive effects of skill development programs for youths and prevention approaches that address relationships and influence school and community environments ( 17 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016

Ertl

Sheats

Petrosky

et al. 2019

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

115

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Problem/ConditionIn 2016, approximately 65,000 persons died in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 32 U.S. states for 2016. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, type of location where injured, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics.Period Covered2016.Description of SystemNVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, Supplementary Homicide Reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). This report includes data collected from 32 states for 2016 (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin). NVDRS collates information for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, homicide followed by suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident.ResultsFor 2016, NVDRS captured 40,374 fatal incidents involving 41,466 deaths in the 32 states included in this report. The majority (62.3%) of deaths were suicides, followed by homicides (24.9%), deaths of undetermined intent (10.8%), legal intervention deaths (1.2%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force acting in the line of duty, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1.0%). (The term legal intervention is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement.) Demographic patterns varied by manner of death. Suicide rates were highest among males, non-Hispanic American Indians/Alaska Natives, non-Hispanic whites, adults aged 45–64 years, and men aged ≥75 years. The most common method of injury was a firearm among males and poisoning among females. Suicides were most often preceded by a mental health, intimate partner, substance abuse, or physical health problem or a recent or impending crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. Homicide rates were highest among males and persons aged <1 year and 15–44 years. Among males, non-Hispanic blacks accounted for most homicides and had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group. The most common method of injury was a firearm. Homicides were most often precipitated by an argument or conflict, occurred in conjunction with another crime, or for females, were related to intimate partner violence. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspected perpetrator was known, the suspect was most frequently an acquai...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016

Ertl

Sheats

Petrosky

et al. 2019

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…All these conditions are associated with violence and violence-related injuries ( 11 ). Prevention efforts will achieve greater population-level reductions in violence when salient neighborhood and community-level contributors to violence are targeted ( 12 ). Evaluations of programs such as Baltimore’s Safe Streets, Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), business improvement districts, and policies such as the earned income tax credit ( 11 ) have confirmed the value in employing these types of community-level strategies in reducing violence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 27 States, 2015

Jack

Petrosky

Lyons

et al. 2018

MMWR Surveill. Summ.

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Problem/ConditionIn 2015, approximately 62,000 persons died in the United States as a result of violence-related injuries. This report summarizes data from CDC’s National Violent Death Reporting System (NVDRS) regarding violent deaths from 27 U.S. states for 2015. Results are reported by sex, age group, race/ethnicity, location of injury, method of injury, circumstances of injury, and other selected characteristics.Reporting Period2015.Description of SystemNVDRS collects data regarding violent deaths obtained from death certificates, coroner/medical examiner reports, law enforcement reports, and secondary sources (e.g., child fatality review team data, supplemental homicide reports, hospital data, and crime laboratory data). This report includes data from 27 states that collected statewide data for 2015 (Alaska, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Georgia, Hawaii, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin). NVDRS collates documents for each death and links deaths that are related (e.g., multiple homicides, a homicide followed by a suicide, or multiple suicides) into a single incident.ResultsFor 2015, NVDRS captured 30,628 fatal incidents involving 31,415 deaths in the 27 states included in this report. The majority (65.1%) of deaths were suicides, followed by homicides (23.5%), deaths of undetermined intent (9.5%), legal intervention deaths (1.3%) (i.e., deaths caused by law enforcement and other persons with legal authority to use deadly force, excluding legal executions), and unintentional firearm deaths (<1.0%). (The term “legal intervention” is a classification incorporated into the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision [ICD-10] and does not denote the lawfulness or legality of the circumstances surrounding a death caused by law enforcement.) Demographic patterns varied by manner of death. Suicide rates were highest among males, non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Natives, non-Hispanic whites, adults aged 45–54 years, and men aged ≥75 years. The most common method of injury was a firearm. Suicides often were preceded by a mental health, intimate partner, substance abuse, or physical health problem, or a crisis during the previous or upcoming 2 weeks. Homicide rates were higher among males and persons aged <1 year and 20–34 years. Among males, non-Hispanic blacks accounted for the majority of homicides and had the highest rate of any racial/ethnic group. Homicides primarily involved a firearm, were precipitated by arguments and interpersonal conflicts, were related to intimate partner violence (particularly for females), or occurred in conjunction with another crime. When the relationship between a homicide victim and a suspected perpetrator was known, an acquaintance/friend or an intimate partner frequently was involved. Legal intervention death rates were highest among males and persons aged 20–54 years; rates...

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“…42 One recent study found that ambulance pickups for violent injuries among high-risk youth aged 15–24 were significantly reduced after introduction of alcohol license restrictions in Richmond, Virginia. 43 Given the complex intersection of alcohol use with youth violence, strategic and collaborative efforts that target the levels of public policy, health care systems delivery, and individual risk reduction will be important for successful intervention in this population. 44 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between hazardous alcohol use and violence among street‐involved youth

et al. 2017

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Background and objectives Alcohol is a major contributor to premature disability and death among youth, often due to physical trauma, violence, and suicide. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally examine the association between hazardous alcohol use and experiences of violence among a cohort of street-involved youth. Methods Data were derived from the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS), a prospective cohort of street-involved youth who use illicit substances in Vancouver, Canada. The outcome of interest was hazardous alcohol use defined by the US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism as > 14 drinks/week or > 5 drinks on one occasion for men, and > 7 drinks/week or > 4 drinks on one occasion for women. We used Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) analyses to examine factors independently associated with hazardous alcohol use. Results Between 2005 and 2014, 1149 drug-using youth were recruited and 423 (36.8%) reported hazardous alcohol use in the previous six months at study baseline. In multivariable GEE analyses, intimate partner violence (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] = 1.12–2.10) and non-partner physical assault (AOR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.21–1.59) were independently associated with hazardous alcohol use after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Discussion and conclusions A considerable proportion of youth in this setting reported hazardous alcohol use, which was independently associated with experiencing recent intimate and non-partner violence. Scientific significance Combined interventions for violence and hazardous alcohol use should be integrated into service provision programs for street-involved youth.

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Preventing Violence Among High-Risk Youth and Communities with Economic, Policy, and Structural Strategies

Abstract: Summary

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 32 States, 2016

Surveillance for Violent Deaths — National Violent Death Reporting System, 27 States, 2015

The relationship between hazardous alcohol use and violence among street‐involved youth

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