Prevention &amp; management of anaemia in pregnancy

Ramachandran, Prema

doi:10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_994_20

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…3 Over the last two decades there had been some reduction in the prevalence of anaemia in all groups but the pace of decline is slow. [13][14][15][16][17] Anaemia Mukt Bharat programme aims to accelerate the reduction in prevalence of anaemia using a three-pronged strategy of dietary diversification, iron folic acid supplementation to vulnerable groups and iron fortification of food stuffs for improving Hb status of the population. 4 DFS has been shown to be a feasible, affordable and sustainable method of bridging the gap in iron intake.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of use of iron fortified iodised salt beyond 12 months on haemoglobin levels

Ramachandran,

Prabhakar,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Use of iron fortified iodised salt (IS) for 12 months, resulted in improvement in haemoglobin (Hb) in women, children and men. There is no published data on impact of DFS use beyond 12 months on Hb levels. Methods: A community based open randomised study to assess impact of use of DFS on Hb was discontinued after 12 months due to COVID 19 related lockdown. These families used IS for six months during lockdown; they were willing to continue using the salt provided for further one year. These families were re-randomized into three groups and given the assigned salt for further 12 months and Hb, ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) were estimated at 12 months. Results: Improvement in the mean Hb was 0.5 g/dl in women who had used IS earlier and DFS under second randomisation and 0.3 g/dl in those who had used DFS under first and second randomisation. Mean Hb at 30 months was higher in those who had used DFS for 24 months as compared to those who had used IS for 18 months and DFS for 12 months. The deterioration in mean Hb following discontinuation of DFS for 6 and 18 months was small. Conclusions: DFS use for the second year resulted in a further increase in Hb in those who had used DFS earlier. The relatively small deterioration in mean Hb following discontinuation of DFS might at least be in part due to the impact of nutrition and health education and access to health and nutrition services.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of use of iron fortified iodised salt beyond 12 months on haemoglobin levels

Ramachandran,

Prabhakar,

Kumari

et al. 2024

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…Importantly, almost half of the pregnant women in India had any anaemia and over a quarter of them (27%) had SMA as per the NFHS 2021, which is the highest prevalence of anaemia in pregnancy and the largest number of anaemia pregnant women worldwide [ 39 ]. Despite the current higher prevalence of SMA, the significant decline of it over the last 15 years among pregnant women could be due the focused anaemia control programmes among pregnant women in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age during the last 15 years in India

Marimuthu

Mani

Asirvatham³

et al. 2023

PLoS ONE

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Background Anaemia is a serious global public health problem that disproportionally affects children, adolescent girls, and women of reproductive age, especially pregnant women. Women of reproductive age are more vulnerable to anaemia, particularly severe and moderate anaemia leads to adverse outcomes among pregnant women. Despite continuous Government efforts, anaemia burden still poses a serious challenge in India. The objective of this study is to assess the trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age between 15 and 49 years. Method We used three rounds of the large-scale National Family Health Survey (NFHS) India, conducted on a representative sample of households using a cross-sectional design across the country in 2005–06, 2015–16 and 2019–2021. We included all the women aged 15 to 49 years in our analysis. We used the same haemoglobin (Hb) cut-off values for all the three rounds of surveys to ensure comparability. Generalized linear regression analyses with log link were done. Survey weights were incorporated in the analysis. Results The prevalence of severe or moderate Anaemia (SMA) in non-pregnant women was 14.20%, 12.43% and 13.98%; it was 31.11%, 25.98% and 26.66% for pregnant women in 2006, 2016 and 2021 respectively. The decline in SMA prevalence was 1.54% in non-pregnant women, whereas it was 14.30% in pregnant women in 15 years. Women who were poor, and without any formal education had a higher risk for severe and moderate Anaemia. Conclusion Despite the intensive anaemia control program in India, SMA has not declined appreciably in non-pregnant women during the last two decades. Despite the decline, the prevalence of SMA was about 26% in pregnant women which calls for a comprehensive review of the existing anaemia control programmes and there must be targeted programmes for the most vulnerable and high-risk women such as rural, poor and illiterate women of reproductive age to reduce the burden of anaemia among them.

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“…Though anaemia in pregnancy is well understood from a physiological standpoint, with a significant evidence-base around its prevention, management, and treatment, it remains highly prevalent. 41,42 There is a gap around perspectives regarding provision or receipt of care for maternal anaemia, which is needed to understand where improvements in service delivery or community sensitization could be made to drive improved evidence-based practice, adherence to treatments, and uptake of care. 43,44 This study explored maternal anaemia services use and provision at MMSH, by drawing from diverse perspectives across a variety of health systems stakeholders.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal anaemia care in Kano state, Nigeria: an exploratory qualitative study of experiences of uptake and provision

Kuliya‐Gwarzo

Tancred²,

Gordon³

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Background: Maternal anaemia (anaemia in pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period) remains a persistent challenge, particularly in Kano State, Nigeria, which has the highest prevalence of maternal anaemia globally, at 72%. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study in Murtala Muhammad Specialist Hospital in Kano State, Nigeria. We aimed to identify factors constraining uptake and provision of maternal anaemia care, exploring perspectives across different stakeholders. We carried out 10 key informant interviews with policymakers and hospital managers, 28 in-depth interviews with healthcare providers and pregnant women using antenatal services and four focus group discussions with pregnant women’s husbands and mothers-in-law. Data were analysed thematically. Results: Issues with provision include a lack of provider training and guidelines specific to maternal anaemia and blood transfusion, insufficient staff to meet increasing demand, and inadequate resources. Issues with uptake include the inability to afford informal user fees, distrust in health services and the blood transfusion process, and a lack of understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatment for anaemia, resulting in poor uptake of care and adherence to treatment. Conclusions: This study recommends the implementation of standardized guidelines and training sessions to better support healthcare providers in offering quality services and increasing funding allocated to supporting maternal anaemia care. Education initiatives for service users and the public are also recommended to build public trust in health services and to improve understanding of maternal anaemia.

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Prevention & management of anaemia in pregnancy

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Impact of use of iron fortified iodised salt beyond 12 months on haemoglobin levels

Impact of use of iron fortified iodised salt beyond 12 months on haemoglobin levels

Trends in prevalence and determinants of severe and moderate anaemia among women of reproductive age during the last 15 years in India

Maternal anaemia care in Kano state, Nigeria: an exploratory qualitative study of experiences of uptake and provision

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