“…Enzymes are a class of biological macromolecules with catalytic activity and specific spatial conformation in organisms, and they are widely used in chemical industry, medicine, food, and energy ( Ismail et al, 2021 ; Sherawat et al, 2021 ). Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) is a lipase with important application value, which has high activity and specificity and can be widely used in chemical, cosmetic, food, and other applications ( Barriuso et al, 2016 ; Vanleeuw et al, 2019 ).…”