Prevention and control of health care–associated waterborne infections in health care facilities

Exner, M.; Krämer, Axel; Lajoie, L.; Gebel, Jürgen; Engelhart, Steffen; Hartemann, Philippe

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2005.04.002

Cited by 145 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…It has been hypothesized that the rise in pulmonary infections by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) over recent decades is linked to increased use of showers rather than baths (5). Immune-compromised populations are on the rise; thus, identification of anthropogenic reservoirs of potential pathogens is of public health concern (3,6).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic pathogens enriched in showerhead biofilms

Feazel

Baumgartner²,

Peterson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

497

364

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The environments we humans encounter daily are sources of exposure to diverse microbial communities, some of potential concern to human health. In this study, we used culture-independent technology to investigate the microbial composition of biofilms inside showerheads as ecological assemblages in the human indoor environment. Showers are an important interface for human interaction with microbes through inhalation of aerosols, and showerhead waters have been implicated in disease. Although opportunistic pathogens commonly are cultured from shower facilities, there is little knowledge of either their prevalence or the nature of other microorganisms that may be delivered during shower usage. To determine the composition of showerhead biofilms and waters, we analyzed rRNA gene sequences from 45 showerhead sites around the United States. We find that variable and complex, but specific, microbial assemblages occur inside showerheads. Particularly striking was the finding that sequences representative of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and other opportunistic human pathogens are enriched to high levels in many showerhead biofilms, >100-fold above background water contents. We conclude that showerheads may present a significant potential exposure to aerosolized microbes, including documented opportunistic pathogens. The health risk associated with showerhead microbiota needs investigation in persons with compromised immune or pulmonary systems.bioaerosols ͉ Mycobacterium avium complex ͉ Non-tuberculous mycobacteria ͉ public health ͉ rRNA metagenomics

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Opportunistic pathogens enriched in showerhead biofilms

Feazel

Baumgartner²,

Peterson³

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

497

364

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Beschrieben sind vom Siphon ausgehend Ausbrüche durch E. cloacae, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii und Serratia spp. [238][239][240][241]. Nach 3mal täglicher Siphonreinigung und Veränderung des Siphons konnte ein sich über 5 Jahre erstreckender Ausbruch beendet werden [241].…”

Section: Ausstattung Medizinischer Handwaschplätzeunclassified

Händehygiene in Einrichtungen des Gesundheitswesens

2016

Bundesgesundheitsbl

173

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“…Recomendaciones específicas en unidades de pacientes inmunocomprometidos son el consumo directo de agua envasada o filtrada y sistemas de filtros en grifos y duchas 1,7,9,11,38 .…”

Section: Prevenciónunclassified