Prevention and Treatment of Leprosy — China, 2009−2019

Zhao, Qing; Sun, Yonghu; Hong, Liu; Zhang, Furen

doi:10.46234/ccdcw2020.015

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…After WHO launched multidrug therapy (MDT: composed of rifampicin, clofazimine and dapsone) in the 1980s, leprosy prevalence declined dramatically across the globe [ 6 ]. “The leprosy prevalence rate < 1 case/10,000 population” was defined as leprosy elimination [ 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal pattern of leprosy in southwest China from 2010 to 2020: an ecological study

Zhang,

Qiao,

Sun

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Despite many efforts to control leprosy worldwide, it is still a significant public health problem in low- and middle-income regions. It has been endemic in China for thousands of years, and southwest China has the highest leprosy burden in the country. Methods This observational study was conducted with all newly detected leprosy cases in southwest China from 2010 to 2020. Data were extracted from the Leprosy Management Information System (LEPMIS) database in China. The Joinpoint model was used to determine the time trends in the study area. Spatial autocorrelation statistics was performed to understand spatial distribution of leprosy cases. Spatial scan statistics was applied to identify significant clusters with high rate. Results A total of 4801 newly detected leprosy cases were reported in southwest China over 11 years. The temporal trends declined stably. The new case detection rate (NCDR) dropped from 4.38/1,000,000 population in 2010 to 1.25/1,000,000 population in 2020, with an average decrease of 12.24% (95% CI: −14.0 to − 10.5; P < 0.001). Results of global spatial autocorrelation showed that leprosy cases presented clustering distribution in the study area. Most likely clusters were identified during the study period and were frequently located at Yunnan or the border areas between Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces. Secondary clusters were always located in the western counties, the border areas between Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces. Conclusions Geographic regions characterized by clusters with high rates were considered as leprosy high-risk areas. The findings of this study could be used to design leprosy control measures and provide indications to strengthen the surveillance of high-risk areas. These areas should be prioritized in the allocation of resources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatiotemporal pattern of leprosy in southwest China from 2010 to 2020: an ecological study

Zhang,

Qiao,

Sun

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…[1][2] With the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT), the prevalence rate of leprosy cases in China has declined continuously in recent decades. 3 Moreover, since the National Programme for Elimination of Harms Due to Leprosy (2011-2020) (hereafter referred to as the National Programme) was implemented in 2011, the annual number of newly detected leprosy cases was under 1,000 for the first time in 2013 (924), 4 which indicated that China was no longer a highly endemic country monitored by the World Health Organization (WHO). 5 From 2012 to present, the number of new leprosy cases in China has been steadily decreasing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of leprosy in China, 2021: an update

Shi,

Sun,

Wang

et al. 2023

International Journal of Dermatology and Venereology

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Objective: To describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2021 and provide essential information for future national leprosy control and prevention strategies. Methods: We collected epidemiological data of leprosy from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China (except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) provided by the Leprosy Management Information System. We performed a comparative analysis of the epidemiological features of patients with leprosy including age, sex, geographical distribution, and grade of disability. Results: In total, 374 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2021, giving an incidence rate of 0.27 per million population, which represented a decrease of 7.9% compared with 2020. Among the population with leprosy in 2021 that comprised 238 males (63.6%) and 136 females (36.4%), 1.9% (7/374) were children younger than 15 years, 92.8% (347/374) had multibacillary leprosy, and 18.2% (68/374) had grade 2 disability. More than half of the new leprosy cases (54.8%, 205/374) were distributed in southwest China. There were 33 relapsed leprosy cases reported in 2021. By the end of 2021, there were 1,897 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide, giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per million population. Conclusion: The leprosy epidemic in China shows a downward trend in terms of the prevalence and incidence rates. However, the high prevalence of leprosy in southwest China is still a matter of concern.

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“…This shows the potential of M-PCR amplified by MNP and CL with nasal swab samples as an effective early diagnostic test for leprosy in the patient's contact persons at home. (Zhao et al, 2020) conducted a study and showed that patients with low levels of bacteria (paucibacillary/PB) are more prone to be misdiagnosed than those having high levels of bacteria (multibacillary/MB). That is why there must be an early diagnostic method, especially for PB.…”

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confidence: 99%

Literature Review: Accuracy Of Diagnostic Tests For Leprosy

Arthaningsih,

Margha

2023

OPSearch

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Leprosy comes from the bacterium Mycobacterium leprae attacking the skin and peripheral nerves. It triggers some serious symptoms and damage. It can also cause permanent disability if there is no proper treatment. Although the number of cases of leprosy has decreased since the use of multi-drug treatment, but accurate early diagnosis remains difficult. This research analyzes some diagnostic tests and their potential in detecting leprosy. This research is conducted by reviewing scientific articles from 30 online journals in 2019-2023. The findings show that the diagnostic test combines clinical, molecular, serological, and immune response methods for precise detection. PCR technique is effective in detecting M.leprae DNA with high sensitivity in active cases, especially the multibacillary (MB) type. The NDO-LID and PGL-I tests are accurate in the multibacillary (MB) type but not in the paucibacillary (PB). Skin biopsy has identified granulomas and M. leprae bacteria. There must be electrophysiological and ultrasonographic examinations in the detection of nerve damage. Molecular and serological techniques can also support the diagnosis

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Prevention and Treatment of Leprosy — China, 2009−2019

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Spatiotemporal pattern of leprosy in southwest China from 2010 to 2020: an ecological study

Spatiotemporal pattern of leprosy in southwest China from 2010 to 2020: an ecological study

Epidemiology of leprosy in China, 2021: an update

Literature Review: Accuracy Of Diagnostic Tests For Leprosy

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