Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents: Updated Guidelines From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institutes of Health, and HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

Abstract

tions in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents was released online. These guidelines, since their inception in 1989, have been widely accessed in the United States and abroad. These guidelines have focused on the management of HIV/AIDS-related opportunistic infections that occur in the United States. In other parts of the world, the spectrum of complications may be different and the resources available for diagnosis and management may not be identical to those in the United States. The sections that have been most extensively updated are those on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome, tuberculosis, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, human papillomavirus, and immunizations. The guidelines will not be published in hard copy form. This document will be revised as needed throughout each year as new data become available.

Proctite Infeciosa: Valorizar o Diagnóstico Diferencial

“…A identificação do DNA na mucosa ulcerada não permite diferenciar entre infeção ativa e latente, especialmente nos doentes infetados com VIH. 9,10 No entanto, perante o quadro clínico descrito, assumiu--se como diagnóstico mais provável. A resposta lenta à terapêutica dirigida pode ser explicada pela utilização inicial da via oral.…”

“…Segundo as recomendações atuais, na colite moderada a severa está recomendada terapêutica de indução com ganciclovir endovenoso. 9 O atingimento do trato gastrointestinal pelo vírus EBV é incomum. Geralmente associa-se a uma doença linfoproliferativa, apesar de raras referências a colite ulcerativa na literatura.…”

The ERS-endorsed official ATS/CDC/IDSA clinical practice guidelines on treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis

“…The WHO recommends co-trimoxazole for all HIV-infected individuals with active TB regardless of their CD4 cell count [44], while in high-income countries co-trimoxazole is primarily used in HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts <200 cells per mm 3 [45]. The use of ART during anti-TB treatment in HIV co-infected patients also reduces mortality rates significantly while decreasing the risk of developing AIDS-related conditions.…”

Toxoplasmose cérébrale

“…Des critères diagnostiques ont été proposés par le « Centers for Disease Control and Prevention » (CDC) [32] pour la toxoplasmose cérébrale chez le patient infecté par le VIH. Ils sont présentés dans le Tableau 2 et peuvent être extrapolés à d'autres types d'immunodépression (en dehors du taux de CD4).…”