Prevention of aflatoxin contamination by a soil bacterium of Stenotrophomonas sp. that produces aflatoxin production inhibitors

Micro‐organisms growing on rapeseed during storage affect the profile of volatile compounds of virgin rapeseed oil

“…All of these identified bacteria (Table ) were plant associated members of six different genera that often occur in the rhizosphere of the rapeseed plant. They contribute to the protection of the plants against pathogens (Stenotrophomonas rhizophila , Pantoea agglomerans ), aflatoxin‐formation by fungi ( Stenotrophomonas rhizophila ) or plant diseases ( Pseudomonas fluorescens , Pseudomonas veronii ) . Until now, nothing is known about the bacterial colonization of rapeseed during storage, although results obtained in studies by Graner et al .…”

Search for aflatoxin and trichothecene production inhibitors and analysis of their modes of action

“…In this process, the effects of non-aflatoxigenic strains on nature, such as gene transfer between non-aflatoxigenic and aflatoxigenic strains by mating, should be monitored. 8) Many micro-organisms are effective for aflatoxin control under laboratory conditions 9) ; however, except for the non-aflatoxigenic strains, these microorganisms have not been used practically.…”

“…In the review by Holmes et al 10) , aflatoxin production inhibitors from plant constituents were classified into a variety of groups such as alkaloids (caffeine, piperine, piperlongumine, pipernonaline, and piperoctadecalidine); phenylpropanoids [coumarins and furanocumarins (bergapten, p-coumaric acid, 5,7-dihydroxychromone, khellin, psoralene, visnagin, and xanthotoxin), flavonoids (amentoflavone, 6,6′ ′-bigenkwanin, 7,7′′-dimethoxyagathisflavone, tetradimethoxy-6,6′′-bigenkwanin, cyanidin, cyanidin 3-galactoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin, eriodictyol, glyceollin, kaempferol, luteolin, malvidin, pelargonidin, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and peonidin), and phenolics (eugenol, ferulic acid, vanillic acid, vanillylacetone, diferuloylputrescine, and p-coumaroylferuloylputrescine)]; hydroxamic acids (4-acetyl-2-benzoxazolinone and 6methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone); terpenoides (camphene, canthaxanthin, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, αionone, β-ionone, limonene, lutein, lycopene, and zeaxanthin); a tannin component (gallic acid); an inositol derivative (phytic acid), peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids, alkyl aldehydes (nonyl aldehyde); and signal molecules (ethylene and methyl jasmonate). Holmes et al summarized aflatoxin production inhibitory activities of these inhibitors in detail and pointed out that many Notes: (9), ethylene (10), (2-chloroethyl)phosphonic acid (11), dillapiol (12), apiol (13), spiroether (14), methyl syringate (15), gallic acid (16), methyl gallate (17), methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate 18 plant-derived inhibitors have antioxidant activity, but their modes of action for inhibiting aflatoxin production are not clear.…”

“…It was further shown that (E)-2-hexenal inhibits growth and aflatoxin production of the fungus in a model corn storage experiment. 13) Peroxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids produced by the action of plant lipoxygenase (oxylipins), such as (13S)-hydroperoxy-9(Z), 11(E), 15(Z)-octadecatrienoic acid (9), have been known to inhibit aflatoxin production by affecting the G-protein-coupled receptor which regulates aflatoxin production, 10) but the activity of linolenic acid (C18:3) to aflatoxin production has been controversial. It was shown that pure linolenic acid has no aflatoxin production inhibitory activity.…”

“…Cyclo(L-Ala-L-Pro) (32) and cyclo(L-Val-L-Pro) (33) were identified as aflatoxin production inhibitors produced by the strain. 9) Since cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) (34) had been isolated from Achromobacter xylosoxidans as an aflatoxin production inhibitor, 31) these diketopiperadines were thought to be good lead compounds for developing effective inhibitors. Among the four stereoisomers of cyclo(Ala-Pro), only cyclo(L-Ala-L-Pro) showed aflatoxin production inhibitory activity.…”