Prevention of Arthropod-Vector of Infectious Diseases by Insect Repellents and Other Measures

Abstract

The bloodsucking arthropod bite is the cofactor in the transmission of infectious diseases to man and animals. They release with saliva powerful anti-homeostatic and immuno-modulators that favor the replication and the establishment of the infective pathogen. The transmission depend on the close contact of the child with a seropositive mother (or relatives) whose infective saliva is used to relieve itching and scratching at the arthropod bite's sites. Vector-borne diseases are caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses transmitted by the hematophagous arthropods bite (mainly ticks and mosquitoes). The past decades there were emergence of new diseases or re-emergence of existing diseases, due to changes in their epidemiology (i.e. geographical distribution, prevalence, pathogenicity and vector-capacity). Besides, human factors, such as travel with pets, changes in human habitats, social and leisure activities have their input, but climate changes also have a direct impact on arthropod vectors. Vaccinations are up to date for diseases prevalent in the area, but what about diseases beyond vaccination? Wear light-colored, long-sleeved shirts and long trousers, tucked into socks or boots, and the use of insect repellent on exposed skin and clothing to protect from being bitten by mosquitoes, sandflies and/or ticks. This review discussed the vectors, diseases and feasible insecticidal control.

Zoonotic Bartonellosis: Is It Threrating to the Eastern Mediterranean Countries?

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Epidemic Malaria: Is It Threatening to Egypt With the Travelers and Immigrants Through the Southern Borders

“…Primaquine must not be given (Vanhauwere et al, 1998). Moreover, mosquitoes' avoidance and other vector borne diseases is a must (Morsy, 2012).…”