Prevention of cardiovascular disease by the early identification of erectile dysfunction

Jackson, Graham

doi:10.1038/ijir.2008.47

Cited by 59 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Since ED often precedes vascular disease diagnosis in patients, several authors consider ED as a surrogate symptom of occult vascular disease (Kirby et al 2001) and as a predictive marker for CVD (Billups et al 2008;Jackson et al 2006;Kirby et al 2001) and even acute cardiac events (Chew et al 2010;Jackson 2008;Kostis et al 2005). Recently, ED itself was also considered an independent risk factor of CVD (Dong et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy restriction ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced cavernous tissue structural modifications in aged rats

Tomada

Fernandes

Guimarães

et al. 2012

AGE

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High-fat (HF) diet regular intake along life highly contributes to vascular dysfunction and to an increment in prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and erectile dysfunction (ED), a surrogate symptom of occult vascular disease, in the elderly. However, little is known about the effects of energy restriction (ER) alone/or after an HF-feeding period. We show here that in male Sprague-Dawley rats, 16 months of HF-diet consumption led to an increase in body adiposity, blood pressure, lipidemia, C-reactive protein, and insulin resistance and to hypoadiponectinemia, conditions that cluster in MetS. In addition, this treatment strongly favored collagen deposition in cavernous tissue and myocardium. Conversely, for the same time period, the ingestion of 75 % of ad libitum energy intake by controls (ER) extensively counteracted these outcomes. The impact of 6-month ER after 10-month HF period was also analyzed, and despite the decrease in body weight, adiposity, blood pressure, lipidemia, and Creactive protein and improvement of insulin sensitivity, no differences were observed either in adiponectin blood levels or in retroperitoneal fat pad mass. Moreover, this treatment led to a reduction in cavernous tissue collagen deposition, but not in the myocardium, and evidenced differential mobilization of adipose tissue accretions. The data show the ability of HF diet to cause MetS and produce unwanted effects on myocardium and corpora vascular structure. They also indicate that these consequences are preventable upon ER diet starting early, but not later, in life.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy restriction ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced cavernous tissue structural modifications in aged rats

Tomada

Fernandes

Guimarães

et al. 2012

AGE

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“…Despite several methodological differences (such as cohorts, assessment of ED, definition and assessment of cardiovascular events) and the fact that ED was not an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in our series, the majority of studies and expert opinions 19,20 point in the same direction, that is, that men with ED are at higher risk for future cardiovascular events. These observations have two important clinical implications: first a cardiovascular risk profile should be obtained in men with ED and second, erectile function should be assessed in cardiovascular risk assessment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Is erectile dysfunction a predictor of cardiovascular events or stroke? A prospective study using a validated questionnaire

Ponholzer

Gutjahr

Temml³

et al. 2009

Int J Impot Res

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Erectile dysfunction (ED) is linked to various cardiovascular risk factors and may therefore serve as a predictor of cardiovascular events. To gain further insight into this relationship, we reviewed all data regarding hospital admission for cardial or cerebral vascular disease that occurred until 2008 in a cohort of men who underwent a health investigation in 2001. Erectile function was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire. In total, 2506 men with a negative history of cardial or cerebral vascular disease were analysed. During the 6.5-year followup, 58 cardiovascular events (2.3%) occurred. Men without ED (IIEF-5 422; n ¼ 1636) at baseline developed a cardiovascular event in 1.9% (n ¼ 32) as compared with 2.9% ( þ 52%; n ¼ 26) in those with ED (IIEF-5 p22; n ¼ 670). In contrast to age (hazard ratio (HR): 1.6; 1.2-1.8 for every decade), hypertension (HR: 1.88; 1.1-3.1) and diabetes (HR: 2.6; 1.2-5.8), ED was not an independent risk factor for a cardiovascular event. Although men with ED were at increased risk for future cardiovascular events, ED was not an age-independent predictor of cardiovascular events in our cohort.

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“…Endothelial dysfunction occurs early in atherosclerosis, [1][2][3][4][5] and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ED. 4,[6][7][8][9][10][11] Cardiac risk factors are prevalent in patients with ED 12 and correlate with endothelial dysfunction, including hypertension, 13 hypercholesterolemia, 3,14,15 diabetes, 6,15 smoking 3, [16][17][18] and age, 18 as well as with atherosclerosis. 3,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25] This study reviews normal endothelial function, as well as endothelial dysfunction in general and related specifically to ED.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The endothelial cell in health and disease: its function, dysfunction, measurement and therapy

et al. 2009

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Endothelial cells have numerous endocrine functions and contribute to a variety of processes, including penile erection and vasodilation. Endothelial dysfunction is associated with cardiovascular risk factors and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and ED. This study reviews endothelial function, in addition to endothelial dysfunction and its role in atherosclerosis and ED. Measurement of endothelial function is reviewed, including catheter-based methods, venous occlusion plethysmography, high-frequency ultrasound, peripheral arterial tonometry, digital pulse amplitude tonometry, digital thermal monitoring, the L-arginine test and measurement of compounds released by endothelial cells. Therapy and medications that improve endothelial function are reviewed. As the scientific community learns more about the importance of the endothelium, it is increasingly important for the clinician to understand endothelial function, dysfunction, measurement of endothelial function and therapies that affect this remarkable cell type.

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Prevention of cardiovascular disease by the early identification of erectile dysfunction

Cited by 59 publications

References 29 publications

Energy restriction ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced cavernous tissue structural modifications in aged rats

Energy restriction ameliorates metabolic syndrome-induced cavernous tissue structural modifications in aged rats

Is erectile dysfunction a predictor of cardiovascular events or stroke? A prospective study using a validated questionnaire

The endothelial cell in health and disease: its function, dysfunction, measurement and therapy

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