Prevention of childhood obesity in India: Way forward

Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Kar, Subhranshu Sekhar

doi:10.4103/0976-9668.149071

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…While childhood obesity is generally thought of as an issue characteristic of the high-income countries (Sahoo et al 2015), perhaps of because relatively lower prevalence of undernutrition, recent studies show that children in marginalised settings also share a heightened risk of developing overweight/obesity (Hofferth and Curtin 2005;Goisis et al 2016). According to some estimates, the prevalence of childhood obesity in Africa and Asia is still far below (<10%) the levels seen in the Americas and Europe (20%) (Kar and Kar 2015). As the mechanism between poverty and corpulence especially among children is becoming increasingly evident, it is essential that LMICs like in South Asia highlight this issue on their nutrition agenda.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia

Bishwajit

Yaya

2020

Child and Adolescent Obesity

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In parallel with high prevalence of undernutrition, the low-middle-income countries like those in South Asia are experiencing an increasing burden of overweight and obesity among under-five children. The present study aims to measure the prevalence of overweight and obesity and their sociodemographic correlates among under-five children in selected South Asian countries. Methods: Cross-sectional data on 132,231 mother-child pairs were extracted from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in Bangladesh (2014), India -16), Maldives (2016-17), Nepal (2016 and Pakistan (2017-18). Singleton children aged 6 to 59 months regardless of breastfeeding status were included in the analysis. Childhood overweight (>2 SD) and obesity (>3 SD) were measured by BMI z-Scores using WHO guidelines for reference population. Generalised linear models (binomial family) were used to analyse the risk ratios of having overweight/obesity. Results: The overall prevalence of overweight and obese children was 1.91% and 0.89%, respectively, with the prevalence being highest in Maldives (3.9% and 1.5%, respectively) and lowest in Nepal (1.2% and 0.2%, respectively). Child's dietary diversity, maternal BMI and education, and household wealth status were significantly associated with childhood overweight/obesity. Having adequate dietary diversity increased the risk of overweight/obesity by 27% [RR = 1.27, 95%CI = 1.13,1.42]. Children whose mothers had normal [RR = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.62,2.03], overweight [RR = 1.99, 95%CI = 1.71,2.31] and obesity [RR = 1.88, 95%CI = 1.48,2.40] had higher risks of having overweight/ obesity. Children from households that ranked higher in the wealth quintile also had a higher risk of having overweight/obesity. Conclusion:The prevalence of overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asian countries is relatively low compared with that in high-income countries. There exists important sociodemographic pattern in the distribution of childhood overweight/obesity across the countries, signifying the role of sociocultural factors in the epidemiology of overnutrition in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia

Bishwajit

Yaya

2020

Child and Adolescent Obesity

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“…While many of the consequences of irrational eating are barely noticeable, for example, heartburn and high cholesterol levels, obesity is indisputably discernable. Soaring obesity levels reported by concerned authorities across the globe disclose people's indiscriminate food intake (Igumbor et al, 2012;Jaworowska et al, 2013;Ng et al, 2014;Kar and Kar, 2015). Scholars caution that while childhood obesity has reached epidemic proportions in developed countries, developing countries are not far behind (Joubert et al, 2007;Ng et al, 2014;Sedibe et al, 2014;Kar and Kar, 2015).…”

Section: Unfortunate Consequences Of Indiscriminate Food Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parents in particular are blamed for how families’ eating patterns have changed over time (Kar and Kar, ) for example an increased consumption of take‐away foods including fast foods rather than preparing food at home from scratch, which is associated with higher energy levels, low micronutrient content, as well as high salt and sugar levels. In addition, fast food portions are generally substantially bigger compared to home prepared meals and all these factors contribute to obesity (Feeley et al ., ; Kroone and Alant, ).…”

Section: Unfortunate Consequences Of Indiscriminate Food Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Young adults’ consideration of their food choices a propos consequences for their future health

Fisher¹,

Erasmus²,

Viljoen³

2016

Int J Consumer Studies

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Many researchers have devoted much time and effort to explain the undesirable health outcomes associated with an excessive intake of certain types of fast foods. Particularly vulnerable, are young adults who move out of their parents' homes to live on their own, and then begin to rely on the multitude of so‐called “food away from home” options which are convenient, available and even desirable in their social circles. This study investigated young adults' consideration of the consequences of their consumption of food eaten away from home due to concern about unacceptable habitual behaviour that might negatively affect their future households. The survey involved 395 young adults up to 25 years of age who completed a structured questionnaire which relied on an established Consideration of Future Consequences scale. Data analysis involved exploratory factor analysis, t‐tests and Anova. Findings revealed some concern about the immediate consequences of respondents' fast food consumption, but concern about the future consequences seemed rather distant in their minds. Although significant differences were confirmed within gender and among population groups with regard to immediate concern about their fast food consumption, the means were nevertheless low throughout indicating that much needs to be done to sensitize young people about every day food consumption that might have dire consequences for their future health.

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“…Through desk review policies and programmes spanning across nine ministries (health and non-health sectors), and potential opportunities for policy level improvisation have been identified56. Feasibility of such interventions was discussed with over 17 stakeholders having hands-on experience in implementing such national programmes in the field.…”

Section: Emerging Model On ‘Path To Convergence’mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overnutrition

Mathur

Pillai

2019

Indian Journal of Medical Research

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Large population-based surveys by the Government of India and several other regional studies have reconfirmed the coexisting burden of over- and undernutrition. While time trends from the 2nd, 3rd and 4th rounds of the National Family Health Survey show declining trends in the prevalence of the underweight, it also highlights increasing rates in the overweight/obesity. Dose-response relationships with different micro- and macronutrient consumption with overweight/obesity prevalence have been established. In this context, it was attempted to identify the specific diet pattern and socio-behavioural determinants of overnutrition along with its combat strategies. This review highlights that while the proportion of chronic energy deficiency is decreasing in India, the intake of micronutrients and food groups continues to be below the recommended dietary allowance set by the Indian Council of Medical Research. Distal factors that determine the nutritional imbalance among Indians are presented under (i) household contextual factors, (ii) peer and socio-cultural influencers, and (iii) business and neighbourhood environment. Accumulation of such factors increases the density of obesogenic environment around individuals. Further, the review offers action points at individual, society and policy levels, presented in a 'logframe matrix' for bringing convergence actions across sectors in consultation with programme managers from different ministries/departments.

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Prevention of childhood obesity in India: Way forward

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia

Overweight and obesity among under-five children in South Asia

Young adults’ consideration of their food choices a propos consequences for their future health

Overnutrition

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